Court shoes (American English, "pumps") are shoes with usually no fastening and a low cut front. They are usually worn by women now, but are still traditional menswear in some formal situations, when they are sometimes called opera slippers or patent pumps.
As women's shoes
Court shoes for women are usually heeled. The heel and toe can be any shape as dictated by the fashion of the time. In the UK, in 2007 a closed toe and wide (non-stiletto) heel were worn by the very fashion conscious, but most still wore stilettos of mainly 'kitten' height to medium height. Outside the fashion trade in the UK, the term "pumps" would normally imply flat or low heel dancing or ballerina pumps, or even rubber soled canvas plimsolls.
The shoes can be made from any material, but traditional patent leather is popular. Court shoes are mostly worn with a suit or a uniform, but are also worn with formal and informal dresses, skirts, pants (or trousers), and jeans. White stiletto heeled court shoes are the standard attire with swimsuits in beauty contests.
Court shoes are also part of the costume of a ballroom dancer. They are made of satin, usually tan, though other colors are made as well, and worn on both the competition and practice floors.
As men's shoes
During the Regency period, men wore boots during the day and pumps (slippers) by night, which accompanied silk knee-high stockings and breeches. They patent slippers originally had silver buckles, but these were removed by the influence of Brummel,[1] and a square grosgrain bow was added. The shoe survived unchallenged for wear with full dress until the 1930s, and was so commonly worn to the opera that it is often called the opera shoe or opera slipper.
Even though it now survives in much the same form as it was at the start of the 19th century(though it is occasionally now worn with plain, not patent, calf), it has been largely displaced by Oxfords due to an effeminate image. It remains acceptable (though rare) with black tie, and compulsory still with white. They can be commonly seen today on British High Court Judges, and are preferred by many leaders of style.
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