Imperial Japanese Army Uniforms tended to reflect the uniforms of those countries who were the principal advisors to the Imperial Japanese Army at the time.
//
1867 uniform
The initial uniform colour was dark blue and resembled that of the Union Army of the American Civil War. And as that uniform was based on the French style of the period it was easy to upgrade the uniform and keep the same basic style.
IJA 1875 uniform
Soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Satsuma Rebellion (Garrison of Kumamoto, 1877).
1886 Blue Uniform
General Katsura Tarō in 1886 Blue uniform
The Imperial Japanese Army in 1900. Uniform color should be dark-blue not grey-green as pictured.
Resembling the Imperial German Army M1842/M1856 dunkelblau uniform, the dark blue single-breasted tunic had a low standing collar and no pockets. It was worn with matching straight trousers and a kepi (red for Imperial Guard) on which was worn a brass five point star. After the Franco-Prussian War the kepi was replaced with a flat topped peaked cap and the tunic collar became higher. Pockets were added to officers' tunics late in its issue.
Infantry uniforms had red facings on tunic collars, shoulder straps and trouser stripes. Line infantry had yellow bands and piping on their caps while the infantry of the Imperial Guard were distinguished by red. Trouser seams for both branches of the infantry had wide red stripes. Artillery had yellow facings on their dark blue uniforms. The branch colour for engineers was dark brown, green for medical and light blue for transport units.
A dark blue shako (red for Imperial Guard units) was worn for full dress. The ordinary duty and active service headdress was however a form of peaked cap with a narrow crown, somewhat resembling the French kepi of the period.
A lightweight white cotton version was used for fatigue duties and tropical wear. In hot weather white trousers and cap covers were worn with the dark blue tunics.
Emperor Hirohito in double breasted full dress uniform
Senior officers could wear a longer, double-breasted version of the tunic in full dress. Other features included elaborate gold braiding on the cuffs according to rank, waist sashes, gold shoulder cords and plumes on the dress kepi.
Cavalry regiments wore a short attila jacket with transverse hussar style braiding in yellow (red for the cavalry of the Imperial Guard). Breeches were red. The cavalry branch colour was green and in 1905 this colour appeared on both collars and breeches stripes.
The dark blue uniform adopted under the 1886 Regulations was retained with only minor modifications until 1905. As such it was worn during the early months of the Russo-Japanese War. A khaki summer uniform had been introduced shortly before the outbreak of war and this became general issue for front line infantry during June-August 1904. Cavalry and artillery were subsequently issued with the new khaki uniform but some second line units continued to wear dark blue until the end of the War in September 1905. During the winter of 1904-05 the heavier blue uniforms were again worn but often under the loose fitting summer khaki drill for camouflage.
Following the Russo-Japanese War the Japanese Army adopted khaki for all occasions - the first major army to discard colourful parade dress. Only the cavalry squadrons of the Imperial Guard and officers of all branches were authorised to retain their coloured uniforms for certain ceremonial and social occasions, until 1939.
1904 Enlisted Khaki uniform
This was basically a khaki cotton version of the 1886 uniform with a shorter jacket.
1911
General Korechika Anami in the 1911 uniform
Imperial Japanese army uniform as worn during World War 1 on the expedition to Kiaochow.
The 1911 uniform replaced the blue uniform. It was basically a yellowish-khaki (called mustard) colored version of the blue uniform. The new flat topped peaked cap had a red band, the tunic collar had swallow tailed red patches and the shoulders had red passants to indicate rank. The uniform was produced in wool for winter and cotton for summer wear.
5shiki Gun-i/Type 5
The Showa Type 5, also called the M90 or 2590 or 1930 uniform was basically the 1911 uniform but introduced internal breast pockets with scalloped pocket flaps on the tunic for all ranks. Also the straight trousers were later replaced with pantaloons which were worn with woolen spiral wound puttees and tapes.
98shiki Gun-i/Type 98
A display at the Malaysian National History Museum, showing the uniform worn by Japanese soldiers and a bicycle that they used.
The M98 (1938) was a further modification of the M90 uniform. The single breasted tunic had a stand and fall collar, five buttons which ran down the front and two, or more usually, four internal pockets with scalloped flaps (depending) on manufacturer. Long trousers or pantaloons were worn as standard along with the puttees and tapes. All except mounted troops (who wore breeches and high leather boots) wore this uniform with horsehide, pigskin or leather ankle-boots. The boots had either a hobnailed hard leather sole with metal heel J-cleat or a rubber sole with rubber cleats. When off duty, soldiers could wear tabis. A collarless wool or cotton white, grey or light green under shirt was worn under the tunic. This had one or two patch breast pockets with buttoned flaps, most had only a single pocket on the left breast. A khaki cotton shirt with stand and fall collar and two breast pockets could be worn in warm climates, with or without the tunic. The flat-topped peaked cap was replaced by a cloth field cap with a short leather or (more usually) cloth peak.
3shiki Gun-i/Type 3
The Type 3 Officers Uniform, was introduced in 1943 and was similar to the Type 98 but was made of cheaper materials. It also reintroduced cuff insignias for officers. It was produced in various shades of green. Officers could wear the uniform tunic open over a white or light green shirt and black or green tie.
Officers Uniforms
Representatives of Japan on board USS Missouri prior to signing the Japanese Instrument of Surrender. Note the dark green IJA officers' uniforms.
Officers were not usually issued uniforms so they had to procure their own, thus there was a wide variety in the details, colour and texture of their uniforms, with uniform colours ranging from tan to dark green. Collars were taller and stiffer and materials were of a higher quality. Senior officers could procure and wear a double-breasted version of the blue and M90 uniforms. All ranks wore a single breasted version of the M98. Officers could wear straight trousers with their M98 uniforms as a walking out uniform and later they could also wear the tunic with the collar open over a white or grey green Helmets
Adrian helmet - As with many countries, the IJA adopted and produced the French Adrian helmet.
Type 92 - The Adrian helmet was later replaced by a Japanese designed helmet called the Type 92 (1932). It was officially called tetsubo (steel cap) but was called tetsukabuto (Steel Helmet) by troops. It was made in the shape of a dome with a short protruding rim all the way around it (the paratroop version only had a short brim in the front). This helmet was made of a thin inferior chrome-molybdenum steel with many proving to be very fragile, being easily pierced by shrapnel and/or gunfire. A star (or anchor for the IJN) was soldered to the front and the helmet and star were painted mustard khaki. They were sometimes whitewashed in the winter. A tan, khaki or olive-green two layer, fiber reinforced linen cover was available with a yellow star sewn on the front. The helmet was secured to the head by an elaborate set of straps descended from those of the Kabuto samurai helmet. It was also able to be worn over a reversed field cap. Camouflage nets were widely worn over the helmet especially in the Southern theatre and Pacific island campaign.
Tropical helmet -
Type 90 - was like the cork helmet issued by the European imperial powers. It had a metal ventilator at the top, a couple of ventilation eyelets on either side and a brown leather chinstrap. It was mostly worn by officers.
Type 92 - This was a cork version of the Type 92 steel helmet. It was covered with six segments of cloth, and several versions were available. It was issued to all ranks. Officers usually wore a white cover on theirs. A similar helmet was worn by the Viet Cong.
Other Items
General Tomoyuki Yamashita in tropical uniform with the white shirt worn outside the tunic collar
The IJA issued single-breasted over coats, capes and raincoats with hoods in olive drab.
Senninbari were a red-sash 1,000 stich belt worn around the waist of their uniforms. The were supposed to bring good luck, confer courage, and make the wearer immune from bullets.
Hachimaki (鉢巻) is a stylized headband (bandana) in the Japanese culture, usually made of red or white cloth, worn as a symbol of perseverance or effort by the wearer.
Fatigues - White cotton fatigues were initially issued as a tropical uniform but then when a light-khaki(tan) was adopted as a hot weather uniform colour, the fatigues were worn over the standard uniform to keep it clean while doing dirty-work. Later an olive green version of the white fatigues was issued.
Bousyo-i/Tropical - The tropical cotton uniform, designed similar to the M98, were initially available in tan or light khaki, but were superseded later in the war by versions in medium to dark green. They had open collars, buttoned side vent flaps below the armpits, pleated patch or internal pockets with flaps. Trousers could be full-length, 3/4 length, or a loose fitting breeches style pantaloon. The usual uniform worn in the Pacific islands was knee length shorts worn with a lightweight cotton shirt, which had three front buttons , 3/4 length sleeves and patch breast pockets with flaps. Officers wore a short or long sleeved lightweight white (or off-white) tropical shirt with the green trousers. When they wore the green tropical tunic they usually wore the shirt collar outside and over the tunic collar.
Kessenfuku/Battle Dress - A waist length jacket with two hidden slash breast pockets, and two internal pockets with flaps. It also had a fold-down collar and reinforced elbows. Cheaper materials were used in fabrication with many variations in material and color.
Imperial Guard - Until 1939 the Cavalry of the Imperial Guard wore a French style parade uniform consisting of a dark-blue tunic with red Brandenburg braiding, a red kepi and red breeches. The red kepi had a white plume with a red base. Off duty, a dark blue tunic with 5 rows of black mohair froggings with dark blue breeches with a red stripe down each seam, were worn. Prior to the general adoption of khaki by the Japanese Army after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) an all white linen uniform had been worn in hot weather. The Infantry of the Imperial Guard wore a dark blue uniform with white leggings for both parade and service wear until 1905. It was distinguished from that of the line infantry by a red band and piping on the peaked service cap (instead of yellow). Following the adoption of a khaki service dress the Guard Infantry wore this on all occasions. In the field the army's basic uniform was worn. It was worn with either a crysanthemum or a star in a wreath.
NOTE:
2008年9月25日星期四
Royal Navy uniform
The uniforms of the Royal Navy have evolved gradually since the first uniform regulations for officers were issued by Lord Anson in 1748.[1] The predominant colours of Royal Navy uniforms are navy blue and white. Since reforms in 1997, all ratings, regardless of gender, have worn the same ceremonial uniform.[2]
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History
Officers
Uniform regulations for officers were first issued by Lord Anson in 1748, and remained unchanged for nearly twenty years. Reportedly, the officers themselves advocated its adoption, as they "wished to be recognised as being in the service of the Crown."[3] The "best uniform", consisting of an embroidered blue coat with white facings, worn unbuttoned with white breeches and stockings, was worn for ceremonial occasions; the "working rig" was a simpler, less embroidered uniform for day-to-day use. In 1767 the best uniform was abolished and replaced by the working rig, with a simpler "undress" uniform for day-to-day use. By 1795, as a result of the French Revolutionary Wars, a plain blue "undress" coat had been introduced for everyday use, and epaulettes were officially introduced.[1] By 1846 all officers wore epaulettes. The white facings came and went over the years, briefly becoming scarlet (1830-1843). Though stripes of lace on the cuffs had been used to distinguish the different ranks of admiral since 1795, the first version of current rank insignia, consisting of stripes with a "curl" in the top one, was introduced for all officers in 1856.[4]
In 1825, the white breeches were replaced by trousers for officers serving in the United Kingdom, although the practice of wearing white trousers with naval uniforms continued for officers serving overseas (e.g. in the West Indies and China) until 1939. Throughout the nineteenth century, there was great variation in uniform; officers paid for their own uniform, and often adapted it to fit civilian fashion of the time, as the Admiralty regulations governing uniform were not highly prescriptive.[1]
For service in tropical climates, a white tunic and trousers were introduced in 1877, and replaced by a new design in 1938 comprising a white shirt and shorts.[1] During World War II, a blue working dress on the lines of battledress was approved. Caps were to have white tops all year around, and blue caps were abolished in 1956.[4]
The distinctive white collar patch of the Midshipman first appeared about 1758.[4]
Ratings
Uniform for ratings was first established by the Admiralty in 1857. Prior to this, most seamen wore "slops", or ready-made clothing sold to the ship's crew by a contractor; many captains established general standards of appearance for the seamen on their vessel, but there was little or no uniformity between ships. On one occasion in 1853, the commanding officer of HMS Harlequin paid for his crew to dress as harlequins, an incident which may have contributed to the Admiralty's decision to adopt a standard uniform.[5]
A number of changes have been introduced since the introduction of the first rating uniform, notably the removal of the blue jacket in 1890, and the replacement of bell-bottoms by flared trousers in 1977. In 1997 there was a major standardisation programme, meaning that all ratings now wear the same ceremonial uniform for the first time in history.[5]
Present day uniform
Present-day Royal Navy officers and ratings have several different uniforms; some are blue, others are white.
Blue No. 1 dress
This is the formal uniform worn on ceremonial occasions. For officers it consists of a double-breasted, navy blue jacket; matching trousers; white shirt and tie; peaked cap; and black leather shoes. For ratings it is a traditional navy blue sailor suit. It is divided into 1A (with medals and bearing arms), 1B (same as 1A, but without arms), and 1C (with medal ribbons). Female personnel may wear skirts except when carrying a sword or rifle.[6]
Blue No. 2 dress
This mess dress is worn in the evenings for dining. 2A is the formal evening dress for ceremonial dinners; it consists of "ball dress with [a] white waistcoat (cummerbund for female officers) with miniature medals." 2B is "mess undress" for other mess functions, and is worn with a cummerbund and miniature medals. 2C, "red sea rig", is worn for informal evening wear on board ship.[7]
Blue No. 3 dress
This is worn all year round for general duties; it consists of a white shirt with rank insignia on the shoulders, and appropriate headgear. For officers, warrant officers and senior ratings, 3A dress includes a long-sleeved shirt and tie, while 3B includes a short-sleeved shirt without the tie. Junior ratings wear a short-sleeved shirt in both uniforms.[8]
No. 4 and No. 5 dress
These are specialist working uniforms. No. 4 is IAWD (Improved Action Working Dress) with flame retardant properties. They are worn as required for duties.
NOTE:
//
History
Officers
Uniform regulations for officers were first issued by Lord Anson in 1748, and remained unchanged for nearly twenty years. Reportedly, the officers themselves advocated its adoption, as they "wished to be recognised as being in the service of the Crown."[3] The "best uniform", consisting of an embroidered blue coat with white facings, worn unbuttoned with white breeches and stockings, was worn for ceremonial occasions; the "working rig" was a simpler, less embroidered uniform for day-to-day use. In 1767 the best uniform was abolished and replaced by the working rig, with a simpler "undress" uniform for day-to-day use. By 1795, as a result of the French Revolutionary Wars, a plain blue "undress" coat had been introduced for everyday use, and epaulettes were officially introduced.[1] By 1846 all officers wore epaulettes. The white facings came and went over the years, briefly becoming scarlet (1830-1843). Though stripes of lace on the cuffs had been used to distinguish the different ranks of admiral since 1795, the first version of current rank insignia, consisting of stripes with a "curl" in the top one, was introduced for all officers in 1856.[4]
In 1825, the white breeches were replaced by trousers for officers serving in the United Kingdom, although the practice of wearing white trousers with naval uniforms continued for officers serving overseas (e.g. in the West Indies and China) until 1939. Throughout the nineteenth century, there was great variation in uniform; officers paid for their own uniform, and often adapted it to fit civilian fashion of the time, as the Admiralty regulations governing uniform were not highly prescriptive.[1]
For service in tropical climates, a white tunic and trousers were introduced in 1877, and replaced by a new design in 1938 comprising a white shirt and shorts.[1] During World War II, a blue working dress on the lines of battledress was approved. Caps were to have white tops all year around, and blue caps were abolished in 1956.[4]
The distinctive white collar patch of the Midshipman first appeared about 1758.[4]
Ratings
Uniform for ratings was first established by the Admiralty in 1857. Prior to this, most seamen wore "slops", or ready-made clothing sold to the ship's crew by a contractor; many captains established general standards of appearance for the seamen on their vessel, but there was little or no uniformity between ships. On one occasion in 1853, the commanding officer of HMS Harlequin paid for his crew to dress as harlequins, an incident which may have contributed to the Admiralty's decision to adopt a standard uniform.[5]
A number of changes have been introduced since the introduction of the first rating uniform, notably the removal of the blue jacket in 1890, and the replacement of bell-bottoms by flared trousers in 1977. In 1997 there was a major standardisation programme, meaning that all ratings now wear the same ceremonial uniform for the first time in history.[5]
Present day uniform
Present-day Royal Navy officers and ratings have several different uniforms; some are blue, others are white.
Blue No. 1 dress
This is the formal uniform worn on ceremonial occasions. For officers it consists of a double-breasted, navy blue jacket; matching trousers; white shirt and tie; peaked cap; and black leather shoes. For ratings it is a traditional navy blue sailor suit. It is divided into 1A (with medals and bearing arms), 1B (same as 1A, but without arms), and 1C (with medal ribbons). Female personnel may wear skirts except when carrying a sword or rifle.[6]
Blue No. 2 dress
This mess dress is worn in the evenings for dining. 2A is the formal evening dress for ceremonial dinners; it consists of "ball dress with [a] white waistcoat (cummerbund for female officers) with miniature medals." 2B is "mess undress" for other mess functions, and is worn with a cummerbund and miniature medals. 2C, "red sea rig", is worn for informal evening wear on board ship.[7]
Blue No. 3 dress
This is worn all year round for general duties; it consists of a white shirt with rank insignia on the shoulders, and appropriate headgear. For officers, warrant officers and senior ratings, 3A dress includes a long-sleeved shirt and tie, while 3B includes a short-sleeved shirt without the tie. Junior ratings wear a short-sleeved shirt in both uniforms.[8]
No. 4 and No. 5 dress
These are specialist working uniforms. No. 4 is IAWD (Improved Action Working Dress) with flame retardant properties. They are worn as required for duties.
NOTE:
Neckties&Necktie Packaging Box
Fashion Hair Accessory&Headband
2008年9月24日星期三
Uniform (gymnastics)
Athletes competing or training artistic gymnastics wear specific attire. The standard of dress for international competition is regulated by the FIG and the Code of Points.
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Women
A sleeveless competition leotard made of metallic fabric.
Leotards
For women, the standard competition uniform is a leotard. Traditionally, competition leotards have always had long sleeves; however, half-length sleeved and sleeveless garments are now permitted under the Code of Points and have been worn by teams at the World Gymnastics Championships and other major meets. Practice leotards and those worn in podium training sessions are generally sleeveless.
Leotards may not ride too high on the hip or be cut too low; in rare instances, gymnasts and teams have been penalized with score deductions for their attire.
In the 1970s leotards were typically made from polyester and related fabrics. Since the 1980s, however, they have been made from lycra or spandex. Since the 1990s, leotards have become more elaborate and have employed a variety of textiles, including velvet, velour, mesh, metallic fabrics, foils and iridescent "hologram" fabric. They can also be decorated with rhinestones, and metallic jewels that are heat-set onto the garments and will not fall or wash off.
Leotards can not be cut above hip height, or, at the top, be cut pass the shoulder blades, back or front. Any leotard that is somewhat see-through, is also against the rules.
Hair
Gymnasts are not required to adopt any specific hairstyle or hair length. However, they must keep long hair tied back in some fashion, be it a ponytail, bun or braid. Most of the time, gymnasts are issued hair ties and scrunchies that match their competition leotards.
Training
For regular training and practice sessions, gymnasts generally wear whatever they choose. Some gymnastics schools have specific regulation attire; however, this is not usually the case. Sleeveless workout leotards are greatly preferred, and are frequently paired with shorts, leggings, T-shirts, tank tops or bicycle shorts. As in competition, gymnasts must tie their hair back.
Men
For competitions, male gymnasts wear two layers of clothing. The first, a singlet, is a sleeveless leotard. For floor and vault, gymnasts wear a pair of very short shorts over the singlet. For their other events, they wear a pair of long pants, attached to the bottom of the feet with stirrups.
Men's uniforms are usually less ornate than those of their female counterparts. Singlets usually employ one or more of the national team colors, but there are no restrictions on design. Shorts and pants are generally a solid color, usually white, blue, red or black.
Hair
Gymnasts are not required to adopt any specific hairstyle, however, almost all male athletes opt to have short hair. While some male gymnasts opt to have facial hair, this is generally limited to a neatly trimmed moustache or goatee.
Training
For regular training and practice sessions, a majority of male gymnasts choose casual workout attire, such as shorts and tank tops.
Accessories
Additionally, each team has their own set of warm-ups. Typically, these are a zip up jacket with the team name on the back, and the gymnast's name on the left upper chest. The pants correspond to the jacket. At some competitions, gymnasts accept their medals wearing their warm-ups; at others, they ascend the podium wearing only their competition attire.
Both men and women are allowed to compete with grips (straps of leather that cover the hand) and wrist guards. They are also permitted to wear special gymnastics shoes, which resemble ballet slippers, if they so choose. Ace bandages and braces for arms, knees, ankles or other joints are allowed as needed.
Many national teams and clubs issue other accessories to their competitive gymnasts, including matching gym bags, sneakers, T-shirts and casual workout pants. Gymnasts may wear these items when they appear together at competition opening ceremonies or other functions.
Rules and customs that apply to both WAG and MAG
For international competitions, gymnasts always wear uniforms provided to them by their national gymnastics federation. These garments typically employ the country's national colors, however, there are no restrictions on design. In some cases, gymnasts wear a more traditional national leotard for the team portion of the competition, and are allowed some measure of personal choice during the all-around and event finals.
Gymnasts competing at national or local events typically wear the team leotard of their home gymnastics club. Costs for these leotards are generally borne by the gymnasts or their parents.
During a competition, a number, or "bib", is attached to the leotard or singlet's back with safety pins. The number identifies the gymnast to the judges and aids them in tabulating the scores. If a gymnast competes without his or her number, he or she incurs a deduction.
Before 1997, many gymnasts, both female and male, wore pendants and necklaces of religious or sentimental significance while competing. All jewelry is now banned under the Code of Points. Gymnasts with pierced ears may wear studs or post earrings. Other piercings, if visible, are generally removed for competition.
Tattoos, while not strictly banned in the Code of Points, are usually concealed during competition by tape or bandages.
NOTE:
//
Women
A sleeveless competition leotard made of metallic fabric.
Leotards
For women, the standard competition uniform is a leotard. Traditionally, competition leotards have always had long sleeves; however, half-length sleeved and sleeveless garments are now permitted under the Code of Points and have been worn by teams at the World Gymnastics Championships and other major meets. Practice leotards and those worn in podium training sessions are generally sleeveless.
Leotards may not ride too high on the hip or be cut too low; in rare instances, gymnasts and teams have been penalized with score deductions for their attire.
In the 1970s leotards were typically made from polyester and related fabrics. Since the 1980s, however, they have been made from lycra or spandex. Since the 1990s, leotards have become more elaborate and have employed a variety of textiles, including velvet, velour, mesh, metallic fabrics, foils and iridescent "hologram" fabric. They can also be decorated with rhinestones, and metallic jewels that are heat-set onto the garments and will not fall or wash off.
Leotards can not be cut above hip height, or, at the top, be cut pass the shoulder blades, back or front. Any leotard that is somewhat see-through, is also against the rules.
Hair
Gymnasts are not required to adopt any specific hairstyle or hair length. However, they must keep long hair tied back in some fashion, be it a ponytail, bun or braid. Most of the time, gymnasts are issued hair ties and scrunchies that match their competition leotards.
Training
For regular training and practice sessions, gymnasts generally wear whatever they choose. Some gymnastics schools have specific regulation attire; however, this is not usually the case. Sleeveless workout leotards are greatly preferred, and are frequently paired with shorts, leggings, T-shirts, tank tops or bicycle shorts. As in competition, gymnasts must tie their hair back.
Men
For competitions, male gymnasts wear two layers of clothing. The first, a singlet, is a sleeveless leotard. For floor and vault, gymnasts wear a pair of very short shorts over the singlet. For their other events, they wear a pair of long pants, attached to the bottom of the feet with stirrups.
Men's uniforms are usually less ornate than those of their female counterparts. Singlets usually employ one or more of the national team colors, but there are no restrictions on design. Shorts and pants are generally a solid color, usually white, blue, red or black.
Hair
Gymnasts are not required to adopt any specific hairstyle, however, almost all male athletes opt to have short hair. While some male gymnasts opt to have facial hair, this is generally limited to a neatly trimmed moustache or goatee.
Training
For regular training and practice sessions, a majority of male gymnasts choose casual workout attire, such as shorts and tank tops.
Accessories
Additionally, each team has their own set of warm-ups. Typically, these are a zip up jacket with the team name on the back, and the gymnast's name on the left upper chest. The pants correspond to the jacket. At some competitions, gymnasts accept their medals wearing their warm-ups; at others, they ascend the podium wearing only their competition attire.
Both men and women are allowed to compete with grips (straps of leather that cover the hand) and wrist guards. They are also permitted to wear special gymnastics shoes, which resemble ballet slippers, if they so choose. Ace bandages and braces for arms, knees, ankles or other joints are allowed as needed.
Many national teams and clubs issue other accessories to their competitive gymnasts, including matching gym bags, sneakers, T-shirts and casual workout pants. Gymnasts may wear these items when they appear together at competition opening ceremonies or other functions.
Rules and customs that apply to both WAG and MAG
For international competitions, gymnasts always wear uniforms provided to them by their national gymnastics federation. These garments typically employ the country's national colors, however, there are no restrictions on design. In some cases, gymnasts wear a more traditional national leotard for the team portion of the competition, and are allowed some measure of personal choice during the all-around and event finals.
Gymnasts competing at national or local events typically wear the team leotard of their home gymnastics club. Costs for these leotards are generally borne by the gymnasts or their parents.
During a competition, a number, or "bib", is attached to the leotard or singlet's back with safety pins. The number identifies the gymnast to the judges and aids them in tabulating the scores. If a gymnast competes without his or her number, he or she incurs a deduction.
Before 1997, many gymnasts, both female and male, wore pendants and necklaces of religious or sentimental significance while competing. All jewelry is now banned under the Code of Points. Gymnasts with pierced ears may wear studs or post earrings. Other piercings, if visible, are generally removed for competition.
Tattoos, while not strictly banned in the Code of Points, are usually concealed during competition by tape or bandages.
NOTE:
Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform
Closeup of the pattern
Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform (also called Auscam, Austcam, Ozcam or DPCU) is a five-colour military camouflage pattern used by the Australian military. It was developed and trialled during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Its name and initials DPC or DPCU should not be confused with "DPM" (Disruptive Pattern Material), a British pattern of camouflage.
Overview
Colloquial names for DPCU include "Jelly Bean" cammo, "Rabbit Ears" cammo, "cammo jym jammies" and the "now you can't see me suit".
The first uniforms using the disruptive pattern camouflage (called Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform – DPCU) were issued in 1983 for test purposes. In 1986 the final production version was introduced with a number of changes. It is influenced partly by early US Jungle Camouflage patterns, such as "Duck Hunter"/"Frog-Skin". DPCU was developed following aerial photographs of the Australian terrain to determine which colours and patterns would be most suitable for camouflage uniforms.
The five colour pattern consists of a greenish sand coloured background with randomly arranged spots of light brown, red-brown, dark green and medium green overlaid. The standard DPCU works in areas from arid bushland through to tropical jungle all over Australia. A naval version, consisting of various shades of grey with green, has been approved for adoption by the Royal Australian Navy.
Desert DPCU
Australian soldiers (at right) wearing DPDU in a Bushmaster IMV. The soldier on the left is a member of the US Army and is wearing a Universal Camouflage Pattern uniform.
Also known as officially as DPDU (Disruptive Pattern Desert Uniform).
A new DPCU variant designed for desert conditions using different colours and was first tested in 1998 at the Woomera Missile Test Site in South Australia.
2001 1st Issue of DPDU. Mk1 was printed in 3 colors (Brown and Gray on a Tan Background) with 1/3 of the normal Auscam print missing, rushed into issue for Australian special forces (Special Air Service Regiment) deployed to Afghanistan as part of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
2002 2nd Issue DPDU. Full Auscam print was used with a full 5 colours. The colours were: Brown, Lime Green, Gray, Very Light Blue (almost Gray) on a Tan Background. This was again issued to SASR in Afghanistan after the Mk1 version was found to be too light in colour for the terrain.
2003 3rd Issue DPDU. This is also in the full Auscam print with 5 colours. These colours are: Brown, Grey, Very Light Blue, Purple on a Yellow Background. The cut was changed in the shirt with the bottom pockets being omitted and placed on the sleeves. This the current type issued to all ADF personnel serving overseas in arid/desert regions such as Iraq.
OPFOR DPCU
During the late 1990s a modified Auscam colour scheme was trialled to be used for OPFOR units during force vs force training exercises. This pattern was in the same style as the standard DPCU but featured redder browns and brighter greens and appeared, in colour at least, to resemble a "Russian" style pattern. Colours used were: dark brown, mid brown, light brown, blood red all on a tan background. It was used sparingly during several exercises but not issued widely due to the cost associated with fielding a separate uniform with only minor colour changes solely for use as an OPFOR uniform.
The desert camouflage uniforms have been called "clown suits" by US military personnel operating in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Garments
Garments issues in DPCU have included, shirt/jackets, trousers and a waxed cotton (japarra) rain jacket, almost always referred to as a japarra. Head dress has included bush hats, wide brimmed bush hats ("boonie" hats) and a peaked cap with a fold up neck flap referred to as a kepi cap (worn only by members of units which operate armoured vehicles and by Regional Force Surveillance Units).
NOTE:
Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform (also called Auscam, Austcam, Ozcam or DPCU) is a five-colour military camouflage pattern used by the Australian military. It was developed and trialled during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Its name and initials DPC or DPCU should not be confused with "DPM" (Disruptive Pattern Material), a British pattern of camouflage.
Overview
Colloquial names for DPCU include "Jelly Bean" cammo, "Rabbit Ears" cammo, "cammo jym jammies" and the "now you can't see me suit".
The first uniforms using the disruptive pattern camouflage (called Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform – DPCU) were issued in 1983 for test purposes. In 1986 the final production version was introduced with a number of changes. It is influenced partly by early US Jungle Camouflage patterns, such as "Duck Hunter"/"Frog-Skin". DPCU was developed following aerial photographs of the Australian terrain to determine which colours and patterns would be most suitable for camouflage uniforms.
The five colour pattern consists of a greenish sand coloured background with randomly arranged spots of light brown, red-brown, dark green and medium green overlaid. The standard DPCU works in areas from arid bushland through to tropical jungle all over Australia. A naval version, consisting of various shades of grey with green, has been approved for adoption by the Royal Australian Navy.
Desert DPCU
Australian soldiers (at right) wearing DPDU in a Bushmaster IMV. The soldier on the left is a member of the US Army and is wearing a Universal Camouflage Pattern uniform.
Also known as officially as DPDU (Disruptive Pattern Desert Uniform).
A new DPCU variant designed for desert conditions using different colours and was first tested in 1998 at the Woomera Missile Test Site in South Australia.
2001 1st Issue of DPDU. Mk1 was printed in 3 colors (Brown and Gray on a Tan Background) with 1/3 of the normal Auscam print missing, rushed into issue for Australian special forces (Special Air Service Regiment) deployed to Afghanistan as part of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
2002 2nd Issue DPDU. Full Auscam print was used with a full 5 colours. The colours were: Brown, Lime Green, Gray, Very Light Blue (almost Gray) on a Tan Background. This was again issued to SASR in Afghanistan after the Mk1 version was found to be too light in colour for the terrain.
2003 3rd Issue DPDU. This is also in the full Auscam print with 5 colours. These colours are: Brown, Grey, Very Light Blue, Purple on a Yellow Background. The cut was changed in the shirt with the bottom pockets being omitted and placed on the sleeves. This the current type issued to all ADF personnel serving overseas in arid/desert regions such as Iraq.
OPFOR DPCU
During the late 1990s a modified Auscam colour scheme was trialled to be used for OPFOR units during force vs force training exercises. This pattern was in the same style as the standard DPCU but featured redder browns and brighter greens and appeared, in colour at least, to resemble a "Russian" style pattern. Colours used were: dark brown, mid brown, light brown, blood red all on a tan background. It was used sparingly during several exercises but not issued widely due to the cost associated with fielding a separate uniform with only minor colour changes solely for use as an OPFOR uniform.
The desert camouflage uniforms have been called "clown suits" by US military personnel operating in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Garments
Garments issues in DPCU have included, shirt/jackets, trousers and a waxed cotton (japarra) rain jacket, almost always referred to as a japarra. Head dress has included bush hats, wide brimmed bush hats ("boonie" hats) and a peaked cap with a fold up neck flap referred to as a kepi cap (worn only by members of units which operate armoured vehicles and by Regional Force Surveillance Units).
NOTE:
Baseball uniform
A baseball uniform is a type of uniform worn by baseball players, and sometimes by non-playing personnel, such as managers and coaches. It is worn to indicate the person's role in the game and, through use of logos and colors, to identify the two teams and officials.[1]
Most baseball uniforms include the player's name and uniform number, usually on the back (and sometimes the front) of the shirt, which helps the spectators identify the different participants within a team. Uniform items typically include shirts, pants, shoes, socks, caps, and gloves.
Baseball uniforms were first worn by the New York Knickerbockers Baseball Club in 1849.[2][3][4] Today, sales of replica uniforms and derivative branded products, generate large amounts of income for Major League teams, through merchandising.
History
Early developments
The New York Knickerbockers were the first baseball team to use uniforms, taking the field on April 4, 1849 in pants made of blue wool, white flannel shirts and straw hats.[2][5][6][2][7] The practice of wearing a uniform soon spread, and by 1900, all Major League Baseball teams had adopted them.[8] By 1882, most uniforms included stockings, which covered the leg, from foot to knee and had different colors that reflected the different baseball positions.[9] In the late 1880s, the Detroit Wolverines and Washington Nationals of the National League and the Brooklyn Bridegrooms of the American Association were the first to utilise striped uniforms.[10][2][11]
Home and road uniforms
Jeff Tesreau, wearing a New York Giants' pinstriped baseball uniform, c.1912–18
By the end of the 19th century, teams began the practice of wearing one of two different uniforms, one when they played in their own baseball stadium and a different one when they played on the road. It became common to wear white at home and one of gray, solid dark blue, or black on the road.[12] An early examples of this is the Brooklyn Superbas, who started to use a blue pattern for their road uniforms in 1907.[8]
In 1916, on the Giants' road uniforms, purple lines gave their uniforms a tartan-like effect and another kind of road uniform was a solid dark blue or black material with white around this time. The Kansas City Athletics home and road uniforms were changed by Charles O. Finley in 1963, to the colors of gold and green.[13] Some teams used light blue for their road uniforms in the 1970s.[8] Early striped patterns developed into long stripes along the length of the uniforms, called pinstriping. This was first worn on some major league baseball team's uniforms in 1907,[12] and the pinstripes were then widened in 1912, so that the crowd could see them more clearly.[12]
The Brooklyn Bridegrooms started to use pinstriping in 1907, 1916 and 1917.[2][11] Satin and other items were added soon after pinstripes were added.[14][2][11] Pinstripes were commonly worn on the uniforms of the New York Yankees. Legend had it that the stripes were adopted to make Babe Ruth look slimmer,[15] but since the Yankees had already been wearing pinstripes a few years before Ruth played for them in 1912, the legend was found to be a myth.[16] The Yankees' pinstripes on their home uniforms soon became a symbol of them and the team.[16]
In 1916, the Cleveland Indians became the first team to add numbers on their uniforms, positioned on the left sleeve of the home uniforms only. (Okkonen, p.36, p.120)[12] In 1929, numbers were first added on the backs of uniforms by the New York Yankees and the Cleveland Indians.[17] By 1932, all major league baseball teams had numbers on their players' uniforms.[8][17] The Brooklyn Dodgers, in 1952, became the first baseball team to add numbers to the fronts of their uniforms.[18][19][20]
Cap styles
A baseball team and their uniforms in the 1870s.
Caps, or other types of headgear with eyeshades, have been a part of baseball uniforms from the beginning.[21][22] Baseball teams often wore full-brimmed straw hats or no cap at all since there was no official rule regrding headgear.[23]
From the 1840s to the 1870s, baseball players various types of hats, such as straw hats, boating caps, jockey caps, and even cycling caps. Caps, or other types of headgear with eyeshades, have been a part of baseball uniforms since the beginning.[24][25] The Brooklyn Excelsiors were the first team to wear what would later become the baseball cap, with its distinctive rounded top and peak, in the 1860s.[26]
By the early years of the twentieth century, it became common for players to wear hats with rounded tops, but some persisted with flat-topped caps, such as the Giants in 1916, and the Pittsburgh Pirates as recently as during the 1979 World Series.[12] In recent years, baseball caps have changed very little,[12] although over time, the peak has enlarged slightly to further protect the player's eyes from the sun.[27]
The Philadelphia Athletics in 1874 wearing their baseball uniforms
Shoes
In the late 19th century, soft but durable leather shoes were the preferred choice of baseball players. Detachable spikes became popular in the twentieth century, as they helped players to avoid slipping, especially on turf, but they were banned in 1976.[citation needed]
As artificial turf became prominent in baseball fields, modifications to footwear became necessary.[28]
In the 19th century and the first part of the 20th, baseball shoes were commonly black in color. The Kansas City Athletics designed revolutionary white shoes in the 1960s.[29] Today, very few major leaguers wear color-matching shoes and there are hardly any all-black shoes.
Stockings
Alfonso Soriano wearing traditional knee-breeches.
Inspired by the Cincinnati Red Stockings, the stocking colors of teams in the 1860s onward were a principal device in distinguishing one team from another (hence team names such as Chicago White Stockings, St. Louis Brown Stockings (or Browns), etc.). Except for a few "candy-cane” varieties (particularly by the Giants, St. Louis Cardinals and Washington Senators), striping was quite minimal during the 1920s and, in contrast, a revival of other sorts in the early '30s.[30]
By the 1990s, new styles of close-trimmed pants legs made it possible for players to wear pants that ran clear to the shoetops, in lieu of the traditional knee-breeches style that had prevailed for generations. This led to a violation of the literal concept of a "uniform", in that different players on a given team might wear knee-length and full-length pants on the field at the same time. Players such as Manny Ramirez have taken this fashion trend to an extreme, wearing loose-fitting pants whose legs nearly lap under the heels of the shoes. Meanwhile, players such as Alfonso Soriano continue to wear the traditional knee-breeches.
Manny Ramirez wearing loose-fitting pants
Graphics and logos
Jim Creighton sporting an Old English "E" for his team, Excelsior, ca.1860-1862.
From the beginning, graphic designs were used to identify teams. Often an Old English letter was worn on the chest. This style survives with the Detroit Tigers and their gothic style "D" on their home shirts. Road jerseys were more likely to identify the city, as with the Tigers wearing the word "Detroit" on their road shirts.
As official nicknames gained prominence in the early 1900s (in contrast to media-generated and unofficial nicknames of prior generations), pictorial logos began emerging as part of the team's marketing. Some early examples include a small red tiger on the black cap of the 1901 Detroit Tigers, as they were officially the Tigers from the beginning; and a bear cub logo on the Chicago Cubs shirts by 1907, as that unofficial nickname was then adopted officially by the club.
In another famous example, the Boston Americans (an unofficial designation that merely distinguished them from their across-the-tracks rivals) adopted the Nationals' abandoned red stockings in 1908, and have been the Boston Red Sox officially ever since then.[31]
By the 1930s, nearly every team had distinctive logos, letters or the team nickname on their home shirts, as part of the team's marketing. The trend of the city name on the road jerseys continued. In recent years, with team nicknames being so strongly associated with the clubs, logos that were once only used at home also turned up on road jerseys, in place of city names.
NOTE:
Most baseball uniforms include the player's name and uniform number, usually on the back (and sometimes the front) of the shirt, which helps the spectators identify the different participants within a team. Uniform items typically include shirts, pants, shoes, socks, caps, and gloves.
Baseball uniforms were first worn by the New York Knickerbockers Baseball Club in 1849.[2][3][4] Today, sales of replica uniforms and derivative branded products, generate large amounts of income for Major League teams, through merchandising.
History
Early developments
The New York Knickerbockers were the first baseball team to use uniforms, taking the field on April 4, 1849 in pants made of blue wool, white flannel shirts and straw hats.[2][5][6][2][7] The practice of wearing a uniform soon spread, and by 1900, all Major League Baseball teams had adopted them.[8] By 1882, most uniforms included stockings, which covered the leg, from foot to knee and had different colors that reflected the different baseball positions.[9] In the late 1880s, the Detroit Wolverines and Washington Nationals of the National League and the Brooklyn Bridegrooms of the American Association were the first to utilise striped uniforms.[10][2][11]
Home and road uniforms
Jeff Tesreau, wearing a New York Giants' pinstriped baseball uniform, c.1912–18
By the end of the 19th century, teams began the practice of wearing one of two different uniforms, one when they played in their own baseball stadium and a different one when they played on the road. It became common to wear white at home and one of gray, solid dark blue, or black on the road.[12] An early examples of this is the Brooklyn Superbas, who started to use a blue pattern for their road uniforms in 1907.[8]
In 1916, on the Giants' road uniforms, purple lines gave their uniforms a tartan-like effect and another kind of road uniform was a solid dark blue or black material with white around this time. The Kansas City Athletics home and road uniforms were changed by Charles O. Finley in 1963, to the colors of gold and green.[13] Some teams used light blue for their road uniforms in the 1970s.[8] Early striped patterns developed into long stripes along the length of the uniforms, called pinstriping. This was first worn on some major league baseball team's uniforms in 1907,[12] and the pinstripes were then widened in 1912, so that the crowd could see them more clearly.[12]
The Brooklyn Bridegrooms started to use pinstriping in 1907, 1916 and 1917.[2][11] Satin and other items were added soon after pinstripes were added.[14][2][11] Pinstripes were commonly worn on the uniforms of the New York Yankees. Legend had it that the stripes were adopted to make Babe Ruth look slimmer,[15] but since the Yankees had already been wearing pinstripes a few years before Ruth played for them in 1912, the legend was found to be a myth.[16] The Yankees' pinstripes on their home uniforms soon became a symbol of them and the team.[16]
In 1916, the Cleveland Indians became the first team to add numbers on their uniforms, positioned on the left sleeve of the home uniforms only. (Okkonen, p.36, p.120)[12] In 1929, numbers were first added on the backs of uniforms by the New York Yankees and the Cleveland Indians.[17] By 1932, all major league baseball teams had numbers on their players' uniforms.[8][17] The Brooklyn Dodgers, in 1952, became the first baseball team to add numbers to the fronts of their uniforms.[18][19][20]
Cap styles
A baseball team and their uniforms in the 1870s.
Caps, or other types of headgear with eyeshades, have been a part of baseball uniforms from the beginning.[21][22] Baseball teams often wore full-brimmed straw hats or no cap at all since there was no official rule regrding headgear.[23]
From the 1840s to the 1870s, baseball players various types of hats, such as straw hats, boating caps, jockey caps, and even cycling caps. Caps, or other types of headgear with eyeshades, have been a part of baseball uniforms since the beginning.[24][25] The Brooklyn Excelsiors were the first team to wear what would later become the baseball cap, with its distinctive rounded top and peak, in the 1860s.[26]
By the early years of the twentieth century, it became common for players to wear hats with rounded tops, but some persisted with flat-topped caps, such as the Giants in 1916, and the Pittsburgh Pirates as recently as during the 1979 World Series.[12] In recent years, baseball caps have changed very little,[12] although over time, the peak has enlarged slightly to further protect the player's eyes from the sun.[27]
The Philadelphia Athletics in 1874 wearing their baseball uniforms
Shoes
In the late 19th century, soft but durable leather shoes were the preferred choice of baseball players. Detachable spikes became popular in the twentieth century, as they helped players to avoid slipping, especially on turf, but they were banned in 1976.[citation needed]
As artificial turf became prominent in baseball fields, modifications to footwear became necessary.[28]
In the 19th century and the first part of the 20th, baseball shoes were commonly black in color. The Kansas City Athletics designed revolutionary white shoes in the 1960s.[29] Today, very few major leaguers wear color-matching shoes and there are hardly any all-black shoes.
Stockings
Alfonso Soriano wearing traditional knee-breeches.
Inspired by the Cincinnati Red Stockings, the stocking colors of teams in the 1860s onward were a principal device in distinguishing one team from another (hence team names such as Chicago White Stockings, St. Louis Brown Stockings (or Browns), etc.). Except for a few "candy-cane” varieties (particularly by the Giants, St. Louis Cardinals and Washington Senators), striping was quite minimal during the 1920s and, in contrast, a revival of other sorts in the early '30s.[30]
By the 1990s, new styles of close-trimmed pants legs made it possible for players to wear pants that ran clear to the shoetops, in lieu of the traditional knee-breeches style that had prevailed for generations. This led to a violation of the literal concept of a "uniform", in that different players on a given team might wear knee-length and full-length pants on the field at the same time. Players such as Manny Ramirez have taken this fashion trend to an extreme, wearing loose-fitting pants whose legs nearly lap under the heels of the shoes. Meanwhile, players such as Alfonso Soriano continue to wear the traditional knee-breeches.
Manny Ramirez wearing loose-fitting pants
Graphics and logos
Jim Creighton sporting an Old English "E" for his team, Excelsior, ca.1860-1862.
From the beginning, graphic designs were used to identify teams. Often an Old English letter was worn on the chest. This style survives with the Detroit Tigers and their gothic style "D" on their home shirts. Road jerseys were more likely to identify the city, as with the Tigers wearing the word "Detroit" on their road shirts.
As official nicknames gained prominence in the early 1900s (in contrast to media-generated and unofficial nicknames of prior generations), pictorial logos began emerging as part of the team's marketing. Some early examples include a small red tiger on the black cap of the 1901 Detroit Tigers, as they were officially the Tigers from the beginning; and a bear cub logo on the Chicago Cubs shirts by 1907, as that unofficial nickname was then adopted officially by the club.
In another famous example, the Boston Americans (an unofficial designation that merely distinguished them from their across-the-tracks rivals) adopted the Nationals' abandoned red stockings in 1908, and have been the Boston Red Sox officially ever since then.[31]
By the 1930s, nearly every team had distinctive logos, letters or the team nickname on their home shirts, as part of the team's marketing. The trend of the city name on the road jerseys continued. In recent years, with team nicknames being so strongly associated with the clubs, logos that were once only used at home also turned up on road jerseys, in place of city names.
NOTE:
Nurse uniform
Nurses wearing a standard uniform consisting of a dress, apron and cap.
Nurse in a uniform that does not include a cap
A nurse uniform is attire worn by nurses for hygiene and identification. The traditional nurse uniform consists of a dress, apron and cap. It has existed in many variants, but the basic style has remained recognizable.
History
The first nurse uniforms were derived from the nun's habit. Before the 19th century, nuns took care of ill people and the link with the uniform is made. One of Florence Nightingale's first students (Miss VanRensselaer) designed the original uniform for the students at Miss Nightingale's school of nursing. Before the 1940s minor changes occurred in the uniform. The clothing consisted of a blue outfit. Hospitals were free to determine the style of the nurse uniform, including the nurse's cap which exists in many variants.
In Britain, the national uniform (or simply national) is designed with the advent of National Health Care, and the Newcastle dress. From the 1960s open necks begin to appear. In the 1970s, white disposable paper caps replace cotton ones; in the 1980s, plastic aprons displace the traditional ones and outerwear begins to disappear. From the 1990s, scrubs become popular in Britain, having first appeared in the USA; however, a majority of nurses in Britain continue to wear dresses, as in many other countries.
Standard nurse's uniform
Historically, a typical nurse uniform consisted of a dress, pinafore apron and nurse's cap. In some hospitals, however, student nurses also wore a nursing pin, or the pinafore apron may have been replaced by a cobbler style apron. This type of nurse's dress continues to be worn in many countries.
Alternative nurses uniforms
Since the late 1980's, there has been a move towards alternative designs of nursing uniforms in some countries. Newer style nurse's uniform in the United Kingdom consists of either:
A tunic-style top and dark blue trousers that are optimally designed to prevent cross-infection, the colour of which depends upon the grade (or, more recently, band) of the nurse - the colour varies between NHS Trusts. The tunics often feature piping around the edges of the uniform.
A dress in the same colour as the top tunic.
Male nurses wear a white tunic with epaulettes in the colour of their grade.
A "scrub dress" is a simpler type of uniform, and is sometimes worn in operating rooms. For outdoor clothing the nurse had a red jacket over the indoor Nurse uniform. If a nurse is seen outside in their uniform, this is a reprimandable offence and the nurse may be subjected to a review.
Traditional uniforms remain common in the Third World, but in Western Europe and North America, so-called "scrubs" or tunics have become more popular.
Nurse uniforms vs scrubs
Beginning in the 1990s, and until the present time, the traditional nurse uniforms have been replaced with the "new" scrub dress in some countries. Most hospitals in the USA and Europe argue that the scrub uniform is easier to clean than the old nurse uniforms. The nurses who wear the uniforms are divided into two camps:
Those who prefer the new scrubs; they disliked the old nurse uniforms.
The nurses who liked the old nurse uniforms; they argue that nurses who wear scrubs are seen by the patients as cleaners[citation needed] and cannot be identified as nurses.
In many parts of the world, nurses continue to wear a uniform consisting of a dress, apron and cap.
NOTE:
Nurse in a uniform that does not include a cap
A nurse uniform is attire worn by nurses for hygiene and identification. The traditional nurse uniform consists of a dress, apron and cap. It has existed in many variants, but the basic style has remained recognizable.
History
The first nurse uniforms were derived from the nun's habit. Before the 19th century, nuns took care of ill people and the link with the uniform is made. One of Florence Nightingale's first students (Miss VanRensselaer) designed the original uniform for the students at Miss Nightingale's school of nursing. Before the 1940s minor changes occurred in the uniform. The clothing consisted of a blue outfit. Hospitals were free to determine the style of the nurse uniform, including the nurse's cap which exists in many variants.
In Britain, the national uniform (or simply national) is designed with the advent of National Health Care, and the Newcastle dress. From the 1960s open necks begin to appear. In the 1970s, white disposable paper caps replace cotton ones; in the 1980s, plastic aprons displace the traditional ones and outerwear begins to disappear. From the 1990s, scrubs become popular in Britain, having first appeared in the USA; however, a majority of nurses in Britain continue to wear dresses, as in many other countries.
Standard nurse's uniform
Historically, a typical nurse uniform consisted of a dress, pinafore apron and nurse's cap. In some hospitals, however, student nurses also wore a nursing pin, or the pinafore apron may have been replaced by a cobbler style apron. This type of nurse's dress continues to be worn in many countries.
Alternative nurses uniforms
Since the late 1980's, there has been a move towards alternative designs of nursing uniforms in some countries. Newer style nurse's uniform in the United Kingdom consists of either:
A tunic-style top and dark blue trousers that are optimally designed to prevent cross-infection, the colour of which depends upon the grade (or, more recently, band) of the nurse - the colour varies between NHS Trusts. The tunics often feature piping around the edges of the uniform.
A dress in the same colour as the top tunic.
Male nurses wear a white tunic with epaulettes in the colour of their grade.
A "scrub dress" is a simpler type of uniform, and is sometimes worn in operating rooms. For outdoor clothing the nurse had a red jacket over the indoor Nurse uniform. If a nurse is seen outside in their uniform, this is a reprimandable offence and the nurse may be subjected to a review.
Traditional uniforms remain common in the Third World, but in Western Europe and North America, so-called "scrubs" or tunics have become more popular.
Nurse uniforms vs scrubs
Beginning in the 1990s, and until the present time, the traditional nurse uniforms have been replaced with the "new" scrub dress in some countries. Most hospitals in the USA and Europe argue that the scrub uniform is easier to clean than the old nurse uniforms. The nurses who wear the uniforms are divided into two camps:
Those who prefer the new scrubs; they disliked the old nurse uniforms.
The nurses who liked the old nurse uniforms; they argue that nurses who wear scrubs are seen by the patients as cleaners[citation needed] and cannot be identified as nurses.
In many parts of the world, nurses continue to wear a uniform consisting of a dress, apron and cap.
NOTE:
NHL uniform
Players in the National Hockey League wear a uniform which allows their team affiliation to be easily identified, unifying the image of the team. Currently, an NHL uniform consists of a jersey (also called a sweater), short pants, stockings (socks), gloves, skates and a helmet.
Background
Historically, the only standardized piece of the uniform has been the jersey, which has to be of identical design by the same company for all members of a team. Other uniform elements merely have a color scheme, allowing individual players to select their own brand and model colored to match the uniform scheme, but not necessarily identical in appearance. Sticks and other equipment worn under the clothes are not part of the uniform and have no requirments in terms of matching a team uniform; teams will sometimes provide players with team-brand undershirts or other under-clothing, but players are not required or limited to wearing them.
Goalies often have their pads and gloves and masks colored to match the team's uniform scheme, but there is no requirement for this equipment to match, and goalies who transfer to a new team often play their old equipment until new colors can be obtained. Alternatively, players who transfer teams have sometimes had their gloves painted temporarily to match the required colors, and are given new helmets.
Each team currently has two uniform designs: One with a white base, and one with a darker colored base. Since the 2003-04 season, NHL teams have typically worn the dark color at home and the white for road games, though there are occasional single-game exceptions.[1][2] The only element allowed by NHL rules to be interchangeable between the two uniforms is the pants.
Jerseys
An example of NHL jerseys for the Ottawa Senators used from 2000-2007; The Senators utilized a third jersey.
The most recognized element of a team's uniform is probably their jersey, which is the only element of the NHL Uniform which is mass marketed to the public.
Most NHL jerseys display the team's primary logo in the center of the chest, while some also display secondary logos on the shoulders. Each player in a team's lineup for a game must have a different number displayed on the back of their jersey, as well as the player's surname above their number on the back of their jersey. While not required, teams typically place their numbers on each upper arm as well. Team captains and alternate captains wear the letters "C" and "A" respectively on the front of their jerseys. Jerseys have a loop of fabric sewn into the inside jersey back, called a "fight strap" or "tie-down", which must be secured to the player's pants during a game, to prevent the jersey from being pulled over the player's head in a fight.
In recent years, teams have sold both "pro" model jerseys, ostensibly identical to those worn by players, and "replica" quality jerseys which are cheaper versions that typically use cheaper production methods and lower-quality materials. Replica versions typically lack the fight strip, and in recent years have an additional brand logo on the left wrist.
Third Jersey
Starting in 1995 (excluding a few prior isolated instances), some teams began to design a third jersey, which allowed them to experiment with new designs, or throwback to a vintage design. Many third jerseys eventually became the bases for teams' new primary jersey designs. Third jerseys were typically worn only a few times a season by special permission of the league, based on a list of requested games.
The third jersey program, as the NHL came to call it, was discontinued for the 2007-2008 season, but will be reintroduced in the 2008-2009 season.
History
Prior to 2000, Different NHL teams had contracts with different manufacturers for their jerseys. Manufacturers included Nike, Starter, Pro Player, CCM, and others.
2001-07
From the 2000-01 season, up to the 2005-06 NHL season, all team jerseys were made by The Hockey Company in an NHL-wide deal, and were branded with subsidiary brands. The Koho brand was on dark jerseys and third jerseys, while the CCM brand was on the white jerseys. The Hockey Company began the practice of putting the manufacturer's logo on the back of the jersey, below the neck, rather than on the back of the waist hem, as had previously been the practice. Jofa, another subsidiary, made the jerseys for referees and linesmen until the 2005-06 season, when they were rebranded CCM which they remain as of 2007-08.
Following Reebok's purchase of The Hockey Company, all official NHL team jerseys were switched to the Reebok (Rbk Hockey) brand, while cheaper replica jerseys sold to fans retained the CCM branding.
2007–08: Rbk Edge
The Rbk Edge is a new line of ice hockey jerseys designed by Reebok. They were announced by Reebok after nearly three years of development.[3] The new jerseys are tighter-fitting, are less water-absorbent, and are more flexible than before.[4]
An example of the new Rbk Edge jerseys, for the Washington Capitals
It was intended to make players more maneuverable on the ice. The Edge jerseys were worn at the 55th National Hockey League All-Star Game and began to be worn, league-wide, from the 2007-08 NHL season onwards. Almost every team in the league made at least minor changes to their uniform design in conjunction with implementing the new jersey style. The San Jose Sharks, Tampa Bay Lightning, Ottawa Senators, Vancouver Canucks, and Washington Capitals redesigned their uniforms altogether. The Columbus Blue Jackets and Minnesota Wild used their alternate jersey from the previous three seasons as the basis for their new uniforms, complete with the team adopting the alternate logo from their alternates as their primary logo.
Along with the traditional differences between the replica and authentic versions of NHL jerseys, the replica (billed "premier") versions of the Edge jersey sold to the public have a "jock tag" on the left side of the front near the waist with the Reebok vector, NHL logo, and jersey size. While NHL.com lists a jock tag as a feature on the authentic jerseys as well,[5] jerseys sold at retail seem not to have this tag.
Citing player complaints, RBK has modified the Edge jerseys, removing the play-dry material in the front and making the sleeves bigger. The new jerseys, dubbed the Edge II, made their debut at the AMP Energy NHL Winter Classic on January 1, 2008.[6]
Other equipment
A team's uniform also includes color requirements for other equipment, while not requiring players to use a specific brand or model, so they may select equipment to their preferences. This includes a player's gloves, short pants, and helmet. Socks are also part of the uniform design, historically with some pattern of horizontal stripes.
There is a sock and pant design by Rbk with similar technological improvements and design intentions.
NOTE:
Background
Historically, the only standardized piece of the uniform has been the jersey, which has to be of identical design by the same company for all members of a team. Other uniform elements merely have a color scheme, allowing individual players to select their own brand and model colored to match the uniform scheme, but not necessarily identical in appearance. Sticks and other equipment worn under the clothes are not part of the uniform and have no requirments in terms of matching a team uniform; teams will sometimes provide players with team-brand undershirts or other under-clothing, but players are not required or limited to wearing them.
Goalies often have their pads and gloves and masks colored to match the team's uniform scheme, but there is no requirement for this equipment to match, and goalies who transfer to a new team often play their old equipment until new colors can be obtained. Alternatively, players who transfer teams have sometimes had their gloves painted temporarily to match the required colors, and are given new helmets.
Each team currently has two uniform designs: One with a white base, and one with a darker colored base. Since the 2003-04 season, NHL teams have typically worn the dark color at home and the white for road games, though there are occasional single-game exceptions.[1][2] The only element allowed by NHL rules to be interchangeable between the two uniforms is the pants.
Jerseys
An example of NHL jerseys for the Ottawa Senators used from 2000-2007; The Senators utilized a third jersey.
The most recognized element of a team's uniform is probably their jersey, which is the only element of the NHL Uniform which is mass marketed to the public.
Most NHL jerseys display the team's primary logo in the center of the chest, while some also display secondary logos on the shoulders. Each player in a team's lineup for a game must have a different number displayed on the back of their jersey, as well as the player's surname above their number on the back of their jersey. While not required, teams typically place their numbers on each upper arm as well. Team captains and alternate captains wear the letters "C" and "A" respectively on the front of their jerseys. Jerseys have a loop of fabric sewn into the inside jersey back, called a "fight strap" or "tie-down", which must be secured to the player's pants during a game, to prevent the jersey from being pulled over the player's head in a fight.
In recent years, teams have sold both "pro" model jerseys, ostensibly identical to those worn by players, and "replica" quality jerseys which are cheaper versions that typically use cheaper production methods and lower-quality materials. Replica versions typically lack the fight strip, and in recent years have an additional brand logo on the left wrist.
Third Jersey
Starting in 1995 (excluding a few prior isolated instances), some teams began to design a third jersey, which allowed them to experiment with new designs, or throwback to a vintage design. Many third jerseys eventually became the bases for teams' new primary jersey designs. Third jerseys were typically worn only a few times a season by special permission of the league, based on a list of requested games.
The third jersey program, as the NHL came to call it, was discontinued for the 2007-2008 season, but will be reintroduced in the 2008-2009 season.
History
Prior to 2000, Different NHL teams had contracts with different manufacturers for their jerseys. Manufacturers included Nike, Starter, Pro Player, CCM, and others.
2001-07
From the 2000-01 season, up to the 2005-06 NHL season, all team jerseys were made by The Hockey Company in an NHL-wide deal, and were branded with subsidiary brands. The Koho brand was on dark jerseys and third jerseys, while the CCM brand was on the white jerseys. The Hockey Company began the practice of putting the manufacturer's logo on the back of the jersey, below the neck, rather than on the back of the waist hem, as had previously been the practice. Jofa, another subsidiary, made the jerseys for referees and linesmen until the 2005-06 season, when they were rebranded CCM which they remain as of 2007-08.
Following Reebok's purchase of The Hockey Company, all official NHL team jerseys were switched to the Reebok (Rbk Hockey) brand, while cheaper replica jerseys sold to fans retained the CCM branding.
2007–08: Rbk Edge
The Rbk Edge is a new line of ice hockey jerseys designed by Reebok. They were announced by Reebok after nearly three years of development.[3] The new jerseys are tighter-fitting, are less water-absorbent, and are more flexible than before.[4]
An example of the new Rbk Edge jerseys, for the Washington Capitals
It was intended to make players more maneuverable on the ice. The Edge jerseys were worn at the 55th National Hockey League All-Star Game and began to be worn, league-wide, from the 2007-08 NHL season onwards. Almost every team in the league made at least minor changes to their uniform design in conjunction with implementing the new jersey style. The San Jose Sharks, Tampa Bay Lightning, Ottawa Senators, Vancouver Canucks, and Washington Capitals redesigned their uniforms altogether. The Columbus Blue Jackets and Minnesota Wild used their alternate jersey from the previous three seasons as the basis for their new uniforms, complete with the team adopting the alternate logo from their alternates as their primary logo.
Along with the traditional differences between the replica and authentic versions of NHL jerseys, the replica (billed "premier") versions of the Edge jersey sold to the public have a "jock tag" on the left side of the front near the waist with the Reebok vector, NHL logo, and jersey size. While NHL.com lists a jock tag as a feature on the authentic jerseys as well,[5] jerseys sold at retail seem not to have this tag.
Citing player complaints, RBK has modified the Edge jerseys, removing the play-dry material in the front and making the sleeves bigger. The new jerseys, dubbed the Edge II, made their debut at the AMP Energy NHL Winter Classic on January 1, 2008.[6]
Other equipment
A team's uniform also includes color requirements for other equipment, while not requiring players to use a specific brand or model, so they may select equipment to their preferences. This includes a player's gloves, short pants, and helmet. Socks are also part of the uniform design, historically with some pattern of horizontal stripes.
There is a sock and pant design by Rbk with similar technological improvements and design intentions.
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Uniform
A uniform is a set of standard clothing worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity. Modern uniforms are worn by armed forces and paramilitary organisations such as police, emergency services, security guards, in some workplaces and schools and by inmates in prisons. In some countries, some other officials also wear uniforms in some of their duties; such is the case of the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service or the French prefects.Service and work uniformsWorkers sometimes wear uniforms or corporate clothing of one nature or another, including but not limited to shop workers, bank and post office workers, airline employees and holiday operators, and bar, restaurant and hotel employees. The use of uniforms by these organizations is often an effort in branding and developing a standard corporate image but also has important effects on the employees required to wear the uniform. The first service uniform registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office was the Playboy Bunny outfit (U.S. patent number 762,884). However the term 'uniform' is misleading because employees are not always fully uniform in appearance and may not always wear attire provided by the organization, while still representing the organization in their attire. Academic work on organizational dress by Rafaeli & Pratt (1993) referred to uniformity (homogeneity) of dress as one dimension, and conspicuousness as a second. Employees all wearing black, for example, may appear conspicuous and thus represent the organization even though their attire is uniform only in the color of their appearance not in its features. Pratt & Rafaeli, (1997)described struggles between employees and management about organizational dress as struggles about deeper meanings and identities that dress represents. And Prat & Rafaeli (2001) described dress as one of the larger set of symbols and artifacts in organizations which coalesce into a communication grammar.Rafaeli, A. & Pratt, M. J. 1993. Tailored meaning: On the meaning and impact of organizational dress. Academy of Management Review, 18(1): 32-55.Pratt, M. & Rafaeli, A. 1997. Organizational dress as a symbol of multilayered social identities. Academy of Management Journal, 40(4): 862-898.Pratt, M. G. & Rafaeli, A. 2001. Symbols as a language of organizational relationships. Research in Organizational Behavior, 23: 93-133. SchoolsMain article: School uniformAcross the world uniforms are worn in schools. School uniforms vary from a standard issue T-shirt to rigorous requirements for many items of formal wear at private schools.Countries with school uniforms mandated include Japan, India, Australia and the UK, as well as many other places. In some countries uniform types vary a lot from school to school, but in the UK many pupils between 11 and 16 of age wear a formal jacket, tie and trousers for boys and blouse, tie and trousers or skirt or culottes for girls. The ties will usually be in a set pattern for the school & jackets will usually carry a patch on the breast pocket with the school's coat of arms and motto or emblem and name. Jackets are being replaced in many schools by sweatshirts bearing the school badge. Children in many UK state primary schools will have a uniform jumper and or polo shirt with the school name and logo.SportsMost, if not all, professional sports teams also wear uniforms, made in the team's distinctive colors, often in different variations for "home" and "away" games. In the United Kingdom, especially in soccer, the terms "kit" or "strip" (as in 'football kit') are more common. Security and armed forcesMain article: Military uniformIn the case of uniforms worn by military personnel or civilian officials, there are generally several kinds of uniforms:battledress, khakis; everyday work uniform, where earned medals are typically replaced by ribbon bars; dress uniform: worn at ceremonies, official receptions, and other special occasions; medals are typically worn. Uniform hygieneIn some countries or regions such as the UK, Australia or HK, the laundry expenses of working- uniform or clothing can be partially deducted or rebated from the personal income tax, if the organization for which the person works does not have a laundry department or an outsourced commercial laundry [1], [2].ScoutingScouting portalThe Scout uniform is a specific characteristic of the Scouting movement, in the words of Baden-Powell at the 1938 World Jamboree, "it covers the differences of country and race and make all feel that they are members one with another of one World Brotherhood". The original uniform, which has created a familiar image in the public eye, consisted of a khaki button-up shirt, shorts and a broad-brimmed campaign hat. Baden-Powell himself wore shorts as being dressed like the youth contributed to reducing distances between the adult and the young person. Nowadays, uniforms are frequently blue, orange, red or green, and shorts are replaced by long pants in areas where the culture calls for modesty, and in winter weather.
NOTE:
NOTE:
fluorescence silicone bracelets
fashionable&unique style earring
Uniforms of the United States Navy2
Service Uniforms
Service Uniforms are the Navy's daily wear uniforms, and exist in several variations. They are intended for use in office environments, in positions that interact with the public, and in watch situations. Skirts are authorized for women in all service uniforms.
Service Khaki
Navy Chiefs wearing Service Khakis.
The service khaki uniform is the sole province of Officers and Chief Petty Officers; because of this, it is common to see references to "khaki leadership" in documents.[citation needed] It is a khaki short-sleeve button-up shirt and trousers, worn with a gold belt buckle. There are two different materials for this uniform; the poly/wool blend (75/25% similar to the Winter Blue uniform), and Certified Navy Twill (100% polyester, not authorized for shipboard use due to low fire resistance). Ribbons are worn above the left pocket of the shirt, with the warfare insignia above them. A nametag may be worn above the right pocket, and rank insignia is worn on the collar. The regulations for ribbons state the highest three, or all ribbons can be worn at once. There are actually three kinds of headgear authorized. Frequently, a khaki garrison cap or command ball cap is worn, but a khaki combination cover is authorized. [1]
The authorized shoes are black or brown oxfords, but traditionally, brown shoes are only worn by aviation connected officers and Chief Petty Officers. [2] The black shoes are worn with black socks, and the brown with khaki socks. In any case, the shirt, which has a pointed collar and two front button-flap pockets, is tucked in. An optional black V-neck pullover sweater can be worn with this uniform, in such case, the collar rank insignia is retained and soft boards are worn on the sweater's shoulder epaulets, as well as a Velcro nametag that states name and rank and displays warfare insignia on the left breast. (Note: There are two types of black V-neck sweaters: One made of 100% Wool and one made of a combination of synthetic materials. Only the wool sweater is approved for shipboard wear.)
Service khaki is the uniform of the day at all times for commissioned officers and CPO's at the Pentagon.
Winter Blue
The Winter Blue uniform is authorized for all ranks; because of its black color, it is called the "Johnny Cash" uniform (a reference to the song/album Man in Black by the singer of the same name).[3][4] It is a long sleeve black button-up shirt and black belt and trousers (optional skirt for females), with the headgear either the combination cover, white hat, or an optional black garrison cap. All men wear ties (females necktab), with an optional silver clip for Petty Officers First Class and below; others gold. Ribbons and badges are worn, and officers and Chiefs wear metal collar insignia, while enlisted wear just the rating badge on the left arm. Enlisted also wear the appropriate Unit Identification Tab on the right shoulder. When assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the week will state "Winter Blues." Either the All Weather Coat, Blue Windbreaker, or Peacoat may be worn with this uniform.
This uniform is being replaced with the Navy Service Uniform, which is a khaki shirt and black pants.
Summer and Tropical Whites
The Summer White uniform consists of a short-sleeved white button-up shirt worn open-collared, white trousers and belt, and dress shoes (white for chiefs and officers, black for petty officers and below). Authorized headwear for chiefs and officers is the combination cap; petty officers and below wear the white cap (combination cap for females). Officers wear shoulder boards with this uniform, while chiefs wear metal insignia and junior enlisted wear rating badges. Interestingly, the women's shirt for all ranks has shoulder straps, but carry nothing except for officers. Like Service Khakis, Summer Whites are available in several materials (poly/cotton and Certified Navy Twill). When assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the week will state "Summer White." Either the All-Weather Coat, Blue jacket, or Peacoat may be worn with this uniform. The rarely seen tropical white uniform is similar, except white knee shorts, and knee socks are worn (affectionately known as the "Captain Stubing" uniform, from The Love Boat TV show).
This uniform is being replaced by the Navy Service Uniform for all personnel E-1 through E-6. Officers and CPOs will retain their variants of the uniform.
New Service Uniforms
The initial proposals for new Service Uniforms for sailors E-6 and below. The uniform that was selected is being worn by the sailor on the right.
The new proposed "throwback" uniforms and updated Crackerjack.
Upon the installation of then-Chief of Naval Operations (now Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) Admiral Michael Mullen, one of the first tasks he would do was to sign a charter creating "Task Force Uniform," whose principle purpose was to replace the different seasonal service uniforms with a single year-round service uniform for personnel under the rank of Chief Petty Officer and the replacement of the various Work Uniforms (whose appearance varied according to rank) with a single uniform to be worn by all sailors, from the top admiral down to the seaman.
After a test period in which select commands would try out the new E-1/E-6 service uniform, in 2006, ADM Mullen issued order NAVADMIN 070/06, announcing the approval of the new service uniform. These uniforms are currently in their first regional release and should be in use as a fleet wide used uniform by late summer 2009, the new service uniform replaces the blue "Johnny Cash" uniform and white service uniform with a single year-round uniform consisting of a short-sleeve khaki shirt and/or blouse, similar to those worn by Naval personnel attached to the Fleet Marine Force, black trousers and/or optional skirt. Unlike previous practices of wearing rate insignia on the left sleeve, sailors will wear miniature silver anodized metal rate insignia on the shirt and blouse lapels, with the shirt also bearing the appropriate Unit Identification Tab on the right shoulder. More photos here: Uniform Photos
This tab, a black arc with white lettering, denotes the command the sailor is assigned to, i.e. USS GEORGE WASHINGTON, STRKFITRON 81, NMC PORTSMOUTH, etc., and is the direct descendant of the old-style ribbon tallies worn on the old-style flat-topped wool "Donald Duck" hat worn prior to World War II. A black Eisenhower-style jacket with a knit stand-up collar and epaulets, on which Petty Officers will wear large anodized metal rank insignia, and a black garrison hat with the rank insignia worn on the left side would also be worn, with those entitled to wear the gold chevrons will continue to wear them as the jacket's large metal rank insignia.
Another new service uniform, also announced in 2006, but for officers and CPOs, would see the reintroduction of the khaki service coat worn with a black necktie and the shoulder boards. Mostly seen during World War II, it was dropped by then-CNO Admiral Elmo Zumwalt in order to reduce the number of items in the officer's seabag, but was reintroduced by Admiral Mullen based on a desire to distinguish officers and CPOs from their enlisted counterparts.[5] Some commentators, including the official periodical Navy Times, have spoken of this uniform as having a "throwback" look. [6]
Working Uniforms
Working uniforms are worn when other uniforms may become unduly soiled or are otherwise inappropriate for the task. These are worn at sea, and in industrial environments ashore.
Winter Working Blues
Winter Working blues are similar to the Winter Blue Service Uniform. The main difference is that the ribbons and necktie are omitted.
Working Khaki
The Working Khaki uniform is worn by Officers and Chief Petty Officers. It consists of a short- or long-sleeve khaki uniform button-up shirt, with warfare insignia and badges worn on the top of the left pocket, and pin-on metal rank devices located on the collar. It also comes with a set of khaki trousers, a khaki belt with a gold belt buckle, a command or "US Navy" ballcap, and either black boots or black leather safety shoes. A garrison cap is also optional. This uniform is worn either in dirty laborious environments or underway, and is certified to be fire resistant. When assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the week will state "Working Khaki." It is often referred to as the "Wash Khaki" uniform[citation needed], differentiating it from the Service Khaki. Either the All-Weather Coat, Reefer or Windbreaker (either Black or Khaki) may be worn with this uniform.
Utilities
Working uniforms onboard a ship underway. Enlisted wearing the normal working uniform, and on the right a chief petty officer wearing the blue coverall uniform.
The enlisted Utilities uniform consist of a light blue shirt and dark blue trousers. This type of uniform is also informally known as the "dungarees". They are meant to be worn in a working environment. Usually sailors wear the command ballcap with this uniform, although a black watch cap may be required to be worn with this uniform in cold weather. When worn on board a ship, the Commanding Officer may allow short sleeve shirts, although long sleeve must be worn on duty days.
This type of uniform was originally worn with the white "dixie cup" cover before the ballcap became mandatory. The bottoms of the uniform were also wide legged denim jeans but were later replaced with less durable chino cloth trousers.
Coveralls
A fairly new uniform, simple blue coveralls have become the standard working uniform for all ranks at sea and in dirty, laborious environments ashore. Coveralls are not authorized for wear outside a naval installation, and typical local regulations dictate that coveralls are not authorized off of the pier, or outside the confines of an assigned workcenter ashore. Naval Officer's and Chief Petty Officer's coveralls are worn with gold insignia, khaki belt and a gold buckle, whereas sailors in paygrades E-6 and below wear coveralls with silver insignia, black belt and a silver buckle. "U.S. Navy" on the left and the wearer's surname on the right are worn embroidered. Rank insignia is worn on the collar. This uniform is worn with black boots for E-6 and below while optional brown boots for E-7 and above can be worn, although typically only for those of the aviation field. All Weather Coat, Utility Jacket or Peacoat can be worn. Coveralls are certified to be fire resistant. When assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the week will state "Coveralls."
Tropical Working Uniforms
Tropical working uniforms exist, but are variations on the working khaki and utility uniforms. Knee shorts and black knee socks are worn, along with short sleeved button-up shirts.
Aviation Working Greens
A working green uniform exists for officers and chief petty officers in the aviation community. It is quite similar to the United States Marine Corps' Service "Alpha" uniform, with green coat and trousers and long-sleeve khaki shirt and black tie, but rank insignia consists of black embroidery on sleeves, with metal insignia worn on the khaki shirt. Warfare insignia are worn on both the jacket and the shirt. Either black or brown shoes may be worn. Authorized headwear includes a combination cover in green, or a khaki garrison cover. While this uniform is still included in the regulations, it is infrequently worn, as it is no longer practical for most working duty yet it is not allowed to be worn off-base or ashore.
Navy Working Uniform (NWUs)
The Navy Working Uniform.
Close-up of the digital camouflage pattern and insignia embroidered on the left top pocket.
Like the new E-1/E-6 service uniform, the new Navy Working Uniform or NWU is the latest working uniform to be introduced by the United States Navy. Based on the U.S. Marine Corps MARPAT combat utility uniform, with multiple pockets on the shirt and trousers, it uses a multi-color digital print pattern similar to those introduced by other services. However, the NWU will also be made in three variants: predominately blue, with some gray, for the majority of sailors and shipboard use; and a woodland digital pattern and a desert digital pattern for Sailors serving in units requiring those types of uniforms. Woodland and desert variants may be tailored differently than the blue-pattern uniform.
The primarily blue color was chosen to reflect the Navy's heritage and connection to seaborne operations. It is not intended to disguise the wearer, as while onboard a ship a sailor has little need for camouflage. The pixelated pattern is used nonetheless to reduce the appearance of wear and stains, something unavoidable with the dungarees and working khakis currently in use.[7]
The uniform is primarily composed of a 50/50 nylon and cotton blend, which eliminates the need for a "starch and press" appearance and reduces the possibility of snags and tears from sharp objects (thus making the garment last longer). Accessories include a navy blue cotton t-shirt, an eight-point cover (similar to that worn by the United States Marines), and a black web belt with closed buckle. All-weather garments will include a unisex pullover sweater, a fleece jacket, and a parka, all of which will be available in matching camouflage patterns. [8]
The uniform is worn with rank insignia on both collar points and on the front panel of the 8-sided camouflage cover, with sew-on name and "U.S. NAVY" tapes, also on the new digital background pattern, having gold-colored lettering for officers and CPOs and silver-colored lettering for all lower ranks. An embroidered Anchor, USS Constitution, and Eagle (ACE) is on the left breast pocket on all NWU uniforms.
Black safety boots, identical to those worn by United States Coast Guard personnel with their new Operational Dress Uniform, are worn with the new NWUs. Boots will come in two versions: black smooth leather boots, with black suede no-shine boots for optional wear while assigned to non-shipboard commands.
Like the previous Working uniforms, the new NWU uniform was designed to allow personnel to stay warm and dry in inclement weather, thus they were designed to be slightly larger for the wearing of sweaters underneath, along with meeting shipboard fire safety standards. The NWU uniform, unlike its predecessors, were also designed to be longer lasting, and does not need to be ironed like previous uniforms. The digital pattern also has the same infrared readback patterns like that of the MARPAT uniform, allowing personnel using infrared equipment to easily identify Naval personnel. The uniform also has more pockets than its predecessors, with four on the shirt and six on the trousers. The NWU uniforms are currently in production and will not be phased in until Fall 2008. [9]
Coats
Enlisted personnel and Petty Officers may wear a Navy Blue Peacoat with a rank insignia on the left sleeve, a Navy Blue Utility Jacket with a rank insignia on the left sleeve, a Navy Blue All Weather Coat with rank insignia worn on the collar, or a Navy Blue Working Uniform Jacket with rank insignia worn on the collar.
Officers and Chiefs may wear the "Ike" Jacket, with the rank insignia worn on the shoulder epaulets, the reefer, with rank insignia worn on the shoulder, or the all weather coat, with rank insignia also worn on the shoulder.
Pilots, Naval Flight Officers, and Naval Aircrewman are authorized to wear G-1 seal-brown goatskin-leather flight jackets, with rank and warfare insignia listed on a nametag over the left breast pocket, attched with a VELCRO Hook-and-loop fastener. These jackets often are adorned with various "mission patches," which indicate places the wearer has served. A popular one is the Gulf of Sidra Yacht Club patch, which immortalizes a few encounters between American F-14 Tomcats, A-6 Intruders and other fighters on one side; and Mig-25's and other fighters on the Libyan side. In both cases, the MiGs were splashed.
Also, the Navy issues foul-weather jackets, which are either olive or Navy blue in color, at various commands. They are not part of a seabag. The Navy also issues cold-weather jackets, which are olive in color and are not part of a seabag. These jackets are considered "Organizational Clothing."
Special Uniform Situations
In certain duty stations, Navy personnel are issued woodland or desert utility uniforms. These are similar to the other military services' utility uniforms.
Naval personnel attached to Marine Corps units
Hospital Corpsman wearing the Marine Corps Service Uniform.
Closeup of Navy branch tape on Marine Corps MARPAT Utility Uniform
As the Marines do not have medical personnel and chaplains, the Navy provides them (both the Chief of Naval Operations and Commandant of the Marine Corps are heads of separate branches – the connections between the Navy and Marines include that they report to the Secretary of the Navy and they share common legal institutions like Naval Criminal Investigative Service and JAG). The officers and enlisted include doctors, dentists, Nurses, Hospital Corpsmen, Chaplains, and Religious Program Specialists. There are also specialized ratings that will be attached to Marine commands such as Navy Divers for example. Because of this relationship, these personnel are authorized to wear U.S. Marine Corps service (khaki/green) uniforms, but with Navy rank insignia replacing the Marine insignia for enlisted personnel (Navy and Marine officer rank insignia are identical). Their camouflage utilities, currently the MARPAT pattern camouflage, replaces the "U.S. Marines" with "U.S. Navy," and Navy insignia (shiny metal for officers and black metal for enlisted) is worn on the collars. They wear the MARPAT 8-point cover, but lacking the Marine Corps emblem; If Navy personnel opt to wear Marine Corps uniforms, they must meet Marine Corps grooming and physical appearance standards, which are more stringent than Navy standards. Navy Corpsmen are not authorized to wear the Marine Corps Dress Blue Uniform, instead Navy Dress Blue and White uniforms are worn[10].
Other wear of Combat Utilities
In addition to Marine Corps detachments, combat utilities are also worn by Navy SEAL teams, along with SWCC crews (the "Brown Water Navy") who transport SEAL platoons to and from combat operation areas. The Battle Dress Uniform (BDUs) are typically worn by Master at Arms or other security personnel both ashore and afloat, and are authorized for those in the Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and Fleet Diver communities. Combat utilities are also authorized for those attached to Navy Construction (Seabee) battalions, although they, as well as other selected units, currently wear the old-style BDU camouflage. Sailors attached to the Navy's Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) also wear the old-style BDU camouflage uniform. Also, Navy personnel assigned to some joint headquarters units, like Central Command in Qatar and Iraq wear combat utility uniforms.
NOTE:
Service Uniforms are the Navy's daily wear uniforms, and exist in several variations. They are intended for use in office environments, in positions that interact with the public, and in watch situations. Skirts are authorized for women in all service uniforms.
Service Khaki
Navy Chiefs wearing Service Khakis.
The service khaki uniform is the sole province of Officers and Chief Petty Officers; because of this, it is common to see references to "khaki leadership" in documents.[citation needed] It is a khaki short-sleeve button-up shirt and trousers, worn with a gold belt buckle. There are two different materials for this uniform; the poly/wool blend (75/25% similar to the Winter Blue uniform), and Certified Navy Twill (100% polyester, not authorized for shipboard use due to low fire resistance). Ribbons are worn above the left pocket of the shirt, with the warfare insignia above them. A nametag may be worn above the right pocket, and rank insignia is worn on the collar. The regulations for ribbons state the highest three, or all ribbons can be worn at once. There are actually three kinds of headgear authorized. Frequently, a khaki garrison cap or command ball cap is worn, but a khaki combination cover is authorized. [1]
The authorized shoes are black or brown oxfords, but traditionally, brown shoes are only worn by aviation connected officers and Chief Petty Officers. [2] The black shoes are worn with black socks, and the brown with khaki socks. In any case, the shirt, which has a pointed collar and two front button-flap pockets, is tucked in. An optional black V-neck pullover sweater can be worn with this uniform, in such case, the collar rank insignia is retained and soft boards are worn on the sweater's shoulder epaulets, as well as a Velcro nametag that states name and rank and displays warfare insignia on the left breast. (Note: There are two types of black V-neck sweaters: One made of 100% Wool and one made of a combination of synthetic materials. Only the wool sweater is approved for shipboard wear.)
Service khaki is the uniform of the day at all times for commissioned officers and CPO's at the Pentagon.
Winter Blue
The Winter Blue uniform is authorized for all ranks; because of its black color, it is called the "Johnny Cash" uniform (a reference to the song/album Man in Black by the singer of the same name).[3][4] It is a long sleeve black button-up shirt and black belt and trousers (optional skirt for females), with the headgear either the combination cover, white hat, or an optional black garrison cap. All men wear ties (females necktab), with an optional silver clip for Petty Officers First Class and below; others gold. Ribbons and badges are worn, and officers and Chiefs wear metal collar insignia, while enlisted wear just the rating badge on the left arm. Enlisted also wear the appropriate Unit Identification Tab on the right shoulder. When assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the week will state "Winter Blues." Either the All Weather Coat, Blue Windbreaker, or Peacoat may be worn with this uniform.
This uniform is being replaced with the Navy Service Uniform, which is a khaki shirt and black pants.
Summer and Tropical Whites
The Summer White uniform consists of a short-sleeved white button-up shirt worn open-collared, white trousers and belt, and dress shoes (white for chiefs and officers, black for petty officers and below). Authorized headwear for chiefs and officers is the combination cap; petty officers and below wear the white cap (combination cap for females). Officers wear shoulder boards with this uniform, while chiefs wear metal insignia and junior enlisted wear rating badges. Interestingly, the women's shirt for all ranks has shoulder straps, but carry nothing except for officers. Like Service Khakis, Summer Whites are available in several materials (poly/cotton and Certified Navy Twill). When assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the week will state "Summer White." Either the All-Weather Coat, Blue jacket, or Peacoat may be worn with this uniform. The rarely seen tropical white uniform is similar, except white knee shorts, and knee socks are worn (affectionately known as the "Captain Stubing" uniform, from The Love Boat TV show).
This uniform is being replaced by the Navy Service Uniform for all personnel E-1 through E-6. Officers and CPOs will retain their variants of the uniform.
New Service Uniforms
The initial proposals for new Service Uniforms for sailors E-6 and below. The uniform that was selected is being worn by the sailor on the right.
The new proposed "throwback" uniforms and updated Crackerjack.
Upon the installation of then-Chief of Naval Operations (now Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) Admiral Michael Mullen, one of the first tasks he would do was to sign a charter creating "Task Force Uniform," whose principle purpose was to replace the different seasonal service uniforms with a single year-round service uniform for personnel under the rank of Chief Petty Officer and the replacement of the various Work Uniforms (whose appearance varied according to rank) with a single uniform to be worn by all sailors, from the top admiral down to the seaman.
After a test period in which select commands would try out the new E-1/E-6 service uniform, in 2006, ADM Mullen issued order NAVADMIN 070/06, announcing the approval of the new service uniform. These uniforms are currently in their first regional release and should be in use as a fleet wide used uniform by late summer 2009, the new service uniform replaces the blue "Johnny Cash" uniform and white service uniform with a single year-round uniform consisting of a short-sleeve khaki shirt and/or blouse, similar to those worn by Naval personnel attached to the Fleet Marine Force, black trousers and/or optional skirt. Unlike previous practices of wearing rate insignia on the left sleeve, sailors will wear miniature silver anodized metal rate insignia on the shirt and blouse lapels, with the shirt also bearing the appropriate Unit Identification Tab on the right shoulder. More photos here: Uniform Photos
This tab, a black arc with white lettering, denotes the command the sailor is assigned to, i.e. USS GEORGE WASHINGTON, STRKFITRON 81, NMC PORTSMOUTH, etc., and is the direct descendant of the old-style ribbon tallies worn on the old-style flat-topped wool "Donald Duck" hat worn prior to World War II. A black Eisenhower-style jacket with a knit stand-up collar and epaulets, on which Petty Officers will wear large anodized metal rank insignia, and a black garrison hat with the rank insignia worn on the left side would also be worn, with those entitled to wear the gold chevrons will continue to wear them as the jacket's large metal rank insignia.
Another new service uniform, also announced in 2006, but for officers and CPOs, would see the reintroduction of the khaki service coat worn with a black necktie and the shoulder boards. Mostly seen during World War II, it was dropped by then-CNO Admiral Elmo Zumwalt in order to reduce the number of items in the officer's seabag, but was reintroduced by Admiral Mullen based on a desire to distinguish officers and CPOs from their enlisted counterparts.[5] Some commentators, including the official periodical Navy Times, have spoken of this uniform as having a "throwback" look. [6]
Working Uniforms
Working uniforms are worn when other uniforms may become unduly soiled or are otherwise inappropriate for the task. These are worn at sea, and in industrial environments ashore.
Winter Working Blues
Winter Working blues are similar to the Winter Blue Service Uniform. The main difference is that the ribbons and necktie are omitted.
Working Khaki
The Working Khaki uniform is worn by Officers and Chief Petty Officers. It consists of a short- or long-sleeve khaki uniform button-up shirt, with warfare insignia and badges worn on the top of the left pocket, and pin-on metal rank devices located on the collar. It also comes with a set of khaki trousers, a khaki belt with a gold belt buckle, a command or "US Navy" ballcap, and either black boots or black leather safety shoes. A garrison cap is also optional. This uniform is worn either in dirty laborious environments or underway, and is certified to be fire resistant. When assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the week will state "Working Khaki." It is often referred to as the "Wash Khaki" uniform[citation needed], differentiating it from the Service Khaki. Either the All-Weather Coat, Reefer or Windbreaker (either Black or Khaki) may be worn with this uniform.
Utilities
Working uniforms onboard a ship underway. Enlisted wearing the normal working uniform, and on the right a chief petty officer wearing the blue coverall uniform.
The enlisted Utilities uniform consist of a light blue shirt and dark blue trousers. This type of uniform is also informally known as the "dungarees". They are meant to be worn in a working environment. Usually sailors wear the command ballcap with this uniform, although a black watch cap may be required to be worn with this uniform in cold weather. When worn on board a ship, the Commanding Officer may allow short sleeve shirts, although long sleeve must be worn on duty days.
This type of uniform was originally worn with the white "dixie cup" cover before the ballcap became mandatory. The bottoms of the uniform were also wide legged denim jeans but were later replaced with less durable chino cloth trousers.
Coveralls
A fairly new uniform, simple blue coveralls have become the standard working uniform for all ranks at sea and in dirty, laborious environments ashore. Coveralls are not authorized for wear outside a naval installation, and typical local regulations dictate that coveralls are not authorized off of the pier, or outside the confines of an assigned workcenter ashore. Naval Officer's and Chief Petty Officer's coveralls are worn with gold insignia, khaki belt and a gold buckle, whereas sailors in paygrades E-6 and below wear coveralls with silver insignia, black belt and a silver buckle. "U.S. Navy" on the left and the wearer's surname on the right are worn embroidered. Rank insignia is worn on the collar. This uniform is worn with black boots for E-6 and below while optional brown boots for E-7 and above can be worn, although typically only for those of the aviation field. All Weather Coat, Utility Jacket or Peacoat can be worn. Coveralls are certified to be fire resistant. When assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the week will state "Coveralls."
Tropical Working Uniforms
Tropical working uniforms exist, but are variations on the working khaki and utility uniforms. Knee shorts and black knee socks are worn, along with short sleeved button-up shirts.
Aviation Working Greens
A working green uniform exists for officers and chief petty officers in the aviation community. It is quite similar to the United States Marine Corps' Service "Alpha" uniform, with green coat and trousers and long-sleeve khaki shirt and black tie, but rank insignia consists of black embroidery on sleeves, with metal insignia worn on the khaki shirt. Warfare insignia are worn on both the jacket and the shirt. Either black or brown shoes may be worn. Authorized headwear includes a combination cover in green, or a khaki garrison cover. While this uniform is still included in the regulations, it is infrequently worn, as it is no longer practical for most working duty yet it is not allowed to be worn off-base or ashore.
Navy Working Uniform (NWUs)
The Navy Working Uniform.
Close-up of the digital camouflage pattern and insignia embroidered on the left top pocket.
Like the new E-1/E-6 service uniform, the new Navy Working Uniform or NWU is the latest working uniform to be introduced by the United States Navy. Based on the U.S. Marine Corps MARPAT combat utility uniform, with multiple pockets on the shirt and trousers, it uses a multi-color digital print pattern similar to those introduced by other services. However, the NWU will also be made in three variants: predominately blue, with some gray, for the majority of sailors and shipboard use; and a woodland digital pattern and a desert digital pattern for Sailors serving in units requiring those types of uniforms. Woodland and desert variants may be tailored differently than the blue-pattern uniform.
The primarily blue color was chosen to reflect the Navy's heritage and connection to seaborne operations. It is not intended to disguise the wearer, as while onboard a ship a sailor has little need for camouflage. The pixelated pattern is used nonetheless to reduce the appearance of wear and stains, something unavoidable with the dungarees and working khakis currently in use.[7]
The uniform is primarily composed of a 50/50 nylon and cotton blend, which eliminates the need for a "starch and press" appearance and reduces the possibility of snags and tears from sharp objects (thus making the garment last longer). Accessories include a navy blue cotton t-shirt, an eight-point cover (similar to that worn by the United States Marines), and a black web belt with closed buckle. All-weather garments will include a unisex pullover sweater, a fleece jacket, and a parka, all of which will be available in matching camouflage patterns. [8]
The uniform is worn with rank insignia on both collar points and on the front panel of the 8-sided camouflage cover, with sew-on name and "U.S. NAVY" tapes, also on the new digital background pattern, having gold-colored lettering for officers and CPOs and silver-colored lettering for all lower ranks. An embroidered Anchor, USS Constitution, and Eagle (ACE) is on the left breast pocket on all NWU uniforms.
Black safety boots, identical to those worn by United States Coast Guard personnel with their new Operational Dress Uniform, are worn with the new NWUs. Boots will come in two versions: black smooth leather boots, with black suede no-shine boots for optional wear while assigned to non-shipboard commands.
Like the previous Working uniforms, the new NWU uniform was designed to allow personnel to stay warm and dry in inclement weather, thus they were designed to be slightly larger for the wearing of sweaters underneath, along with meeting shipboard fire safety standards. The NWU uniform, unlike its predecessors, were also designed to be longer lasting, and does not need to be ironed like previous uniforms. The digital pattern also has the same infrared readback patterns like that of the MARPAT uniform, allowing personnel using infrared equipment to easily identify Naval personnel. The uniform also has more pockets than its predecessors, with four on the shirt and six on the trousers. The NWU uniforms are currently in production and will not be phased in until Fall 2008. [9]
Coats
Enlisted personnel and Petty Officers may wear a Navy Blue Peacoat with a rank insignia on the left sleeve, a Navy Blue Utility Jacket with a rank insignia on the left sleeve, a Navy Blue All Weather Coat with rank insignia worn on the collar, or a Navy Blue Working Uniform Jacket with rank insignia worn on the collar.
Officers and Chiefs may wear the "Ike" Jacket, with the rank insignia worn on the shoulder epaulets, the reefer, with rank insignia worn on the shoulder, or the all weather coat, with rank insignia also worn on the shoulder.
Pilots, Naval Flight Officers, and Naval Aircrewman are authorized to wear G-1 seal-brown goatskin-leather flight jackets, with rank and warfare insignia listed on a nametag over the left breast pocket, attched with a VELCRO Hook-and-loop fastener. These jackets often are adorned with various "mission patches," which indicate places the wearer has served. A popular one is the Gulf of Sidra Yacht Club patch, which immortalizes a few encounters between American F-14 Tomcats, A-6 Intruders and other fighters on one side; and Mig-25's and other fighters on the Libyan side. In both cases, the MiGs were splashed.
Also, the Navy issues foul-weather jackets, which are either olive or Navy blue in color, at various commands. They are not part of a seabag. The Navy also issues cold-weather jackets, which are olive in color and are not part of a seabag. These jackets are considered "Organizational Clothing."
Special Uniform Situations
In certain duty stations, Navy personnel are issued woodland or desert utility uniforms. These are similar to the other military services' utility uniforms.
Naval personnel attached to Marine Corps units
Hospital Corpsman wearing the Marine Corps Service Uniform.
Closeup of Navy branch tape on Marine Corps MARPAT Utility Uniform
As the Marines do not have medical personnel and chaplains, the Navy provides them (both the Chief of Naval Operations and Commandant of the Marine Corps are heads of separate branches – the connections between the Navy and Marines include that they report to the Secretary of the Navy and they share common legal institutions like Naval Criminal Investigative Service and JAG). The officers and enlisted include doctors, dentists, Nurses, Hospital Corpsmen, Chaplains, and Religious Program Specialists. There are also specialized ratings that will be attached to Marine commands such as Navy Divers for example. Because of this relationship, these personnel are authorized to wear U.S. Marine Corps service (khaki/green) uniforms, but with Navy rank insignia replacing the Marine insignia for enlisted personnel (Navy and Marine officer rank insignia are identical). Their camouflage utilities, currently the MARPAT pattern camouflage, replaces the "U.S. Marines" with "U.S. Navy," and Navy insignia (shiny metal for officers and black metal for enlisted) is worn on the collars. They wear the MARPAT 8-point cover, but lacking the Marine Corps emblem; If Navy personnel opt to wear Marine Corps uniforms, they must meet Marine Corps grooming and physical appearance standards, which are more stringent than Navy standards. Navy Corpsmen are not authorized to wear the Marine Corps Dress Blue Uniform, instead Navy Dress Blue and White uniforms are worn[10].
Other wear of Combat Utilities
In addition to Marine Corps detachments, combat utilities are also worn by Navy SEAL teams, along with SWCC crews (the "Brown Water Navy") who transport SEAL platoons to and from combat operation areas. The Battle Dress Uniform (BDUs) are typically worn by Master at Arms or other security personnel both ashore and afloat, and are authorized for those in the Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and Fleet Diver communities. Combat utilities are also authorized for those attached to Navy Construction (Seabee) battalions, although they, as well as other selected units, currently wear the old-style BDU camouflage. Sailors attached to the Navy's Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) also wear the old-style BDU camouflage uniform. Also, Navy personnel assigned to some joint headquarters units, like Central Command in Qatar and Iraq wear combat utility uniforms.
NOTE:
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Uniforms of the United States Navy 1
Uniforms of the United States Navy are a distinction of the service and still follow many traditional patterns, for example, the changes in uniforms since World War II have been primarily in materials. This article examines dress uniforms, daily service uniforms, working uniforms, special situations, and the history of Navy uniforms. For simplicity in this article, "Officers" refers to both commissioned officers and warrant officers.
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Dress Uniforms
29thChief of Naval Operations Admiral Gary Roughead wearing the service dress blue uniform for flag officers.
11th Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Joe R. Campa, Jr. wearing the service dress blue uniform for chief petty officers.
Quartermaster Dick Libby, USN, wearing the service dress blue uniform of c.1834
Full dress uniforms during a change of command ceremony (officer, center, flanked by enlisted)
The United States Navy has three categories of dress uniforms, from least to most formal: service, full, and dinner dress.
Service Dress
Officers & Chief Petty Officers
The most common uniform, the dress uniform, has three variations for officers and chiefs, but only two for enlisted personnel below Chief Petty Officer (CPO). These uniforms are typically worn during ceremonies, inspections, or watches.
Officers' and Chiefs' service dress depends on the season, with Service Dress White ("Whites") for warm weather wear and Service Dress Blue ("Blues") for cooler temperatures (Note: The Service Dress Blue may be worn any time of year). The uniform to be used in a particular region is set forth based on the climate by a prescribing authority, in accordance with Navy regulations, such as the admiral in charge of the region where the sailor is stationed. For instance, a command in Florida will be in summer uniforms longer than one in New York, or might never switch to winter uniforms (such as Hawaii or Puerto Rico). With these uniforms, ribbons and badges are worn, but not medals.
The dress blue uniform consists of a navy blue suit coat, trousers, white shirt, and four-in-hand necktie. The material is generally wool or a wool blend, depending on the vendor. The men's jacket is double breasted with six gold-colored buttons, and the women's jacket has a single row of four gold-colored buttons. Rank insignia is the gold sleeve stripes, for officers, while rating badges and service stripes are worn on the left sleeve by CPOs. The prescribed headgear is the white combination cap, although a navy blue garrison cap is optional, unless stated otherwise by the prescribing authority, in some situations when the jacket is not worn.
The service dress white uniform is very divergent for the men's and women's variations. Men wear a high stand-collared white tunic, with navy blue shoulder boards for officers or the metal anchor collar device on the collar for CPOs, white trousers and shoes. This uniform is informally called Chokers, due to the stand collar. The material is a weave of polyester known as "Certified Navy Twill," or CNT. Women wear a uniform similar to the service dress blue, but with a white coat, skirt or trousers. The white combination cap is the prescribed headgear. A noticeable difference between the male uniforms and the female uniforms is the placement of the women officer's rank insignia on the sleeves (in the same manner as that on the blue uniform) and the placement of women CPO rank insignia (the fouled anchor with USN mongram and five-pointed cocked "line" stars) on the lapels of the jacket. Uniquely, the shoes worn with this uniform are white.
The rarely seen but authorized Dress Blue Yankee uniform replaces the dark trousers and black shoes of the service dress blue with white trousers and shoes from the white uniform. This variation is colloquially referred to as 'salt and pepper' (Service Dress Blue Yankee for male and for female officers.)
Either the All-Weather Coat, Overcoat, or Reefer may be worn with Service Dress uniforms in cold or inclement weather.
Enlisted
The service dress uniforms for enlisted personnel is the standard naval jumper, which consists of navy blue wool or white Certified Navy Twill as above. Service Dress Whites ("jumper whites") consist of white straight-leg or bell-bottom trousers with a fly front, black leather shoes, a white jumper with plain "tar flap" collar, a black silk neckerchief and a white "Dixie Cup" hat for males or combination cover for females with a silver eagle emblem and the letters "USN." The Service Dress Blue uniform, colloquially referred to as "crackerjacks" (after the sailor boy on the Cracker Jack box), is similar to the white uniform, but navy blue in color, with three rows of white piping on the tar flap collar and cuffs. The trousers for the blue uniform are bell-bottomed, broadfall style, with thirteen buttons (which, dismissing popular belief, does not represent the original Thirteen Colonies of the early United States). Female enlisted sailors' Service Dress Blue is similar to the Chief Petty Officer Service Dress Blue with the exception that silver-colored buttons, rather than gold, are worn on the jacket. Ribbons are worn with these uniforms, over the top left pocket opening (the jumper pockets do not have flaps), along with warfare insignia. If these uniforms are to be assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the Week will state either "Service Dress White" or "Service Dress Blue." Either the All-Weather Coat or Peacoat may be worn with this uniform in cold or inclement weather. The color of the enlisted rank insignia is either gold or red based upon the U.S. Navy Good Conduct Variation.
Full Dress
Full Dress uniforms are worn for ceremonies such as change of command, retirement, commissioning, and decommissioning, funerals, weddings, or when appropriate. Similar to the service dress, but the "Yankee" variation is omitted, medals are worn with these uniforms where appropriate along with warfare insignia above the medals, and swords are authorized for officers, required for O-4 and above. Ribbons that do not have corresponding medals are worn on the right side. In some cases, usually with Honor Guards, the Full Dress uniform can be "dressed" up even further with the wearing of a white pistol belt, bib scarf and dress aigulette (both of which are white for winter and navy blue for summer), and white canvas gaiters.
Dinner Dress
The dinner dress uniforms of the United States Navy have the most variations. For officers, there are Dinner Dress Blue and Dinner Dress White, Dinner Dress Blue Jacket and Dinner Dress White Jacket, Formal Dress, and Tropical Dinner dress. Although trousers are authorized, women frequently wear the appropriate color skirt. The Dinner Dress Blue/White are like the Service and Full Dress uniforms, but worn with a black bow tie, miniature medals, and badges with no ribbons. The Dinner Dress Blue/White Jacket and the Formal Dress uniforms for men feature a short jacket with six buttons, worn open with a black bow tie. Male officers show rank stripes on the sleeves of the jacket for the blue version and on shoulder boards for the white version, while women officers only wear sleeve stripes. The Formal Dress variation is the short, dark jacket, and trousers, worn with a white bow tie for men.
The Tropical dress uniforms are dark trousers, a gold cummerbund, and a white short-sleeve shirt, worn with shoulder boards or just the rating badge. For all dinner dress variations, a white tie and waistcoat generally are used for formal occasions while a black bow tie and gold cummerbund are used for semi-formal environments. Headgear is not required for all dinner dress uniforms, unless an outer jacket is worn. This uniform is never made the Uniform of the Day, nor is it absolutely required to be retained by naval personnel.
Those under the rank of Lieutenant (O-3) have the option of using the Dinner Dress uniform when Dinner Dress Jacket is prescribed. The enlisted sailors who are E-7 (Chief Petty Officer) and above wear a uniform similar to the officers, but with rank insignia and service stripes on the left sleeve. While enlisted who are E-6 (Petty Officer First Class) and below have Dinner Dress Jacket uniforms similar to the officers and chiefs, they may also wear their Service Dress uniform, the traditional sailor suit, with miniature medals.
NOTE:
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Dress Uniforms
29thChief of Naval Operations Admiral Gary Roughead wearing the service dress blue uniform for flag officers.
11th Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Joe R. Campa, Jr. wearing the service dress blue uniform for chief petty officers.
Quartermaster Dick Libby, USN, wearing the service dress blue uniform of c.1834
Full dress uniforms during a change of command ceremony (officer, center, flanked by enlisted)
The United States Navy has three categories of dress uniforms, from least to most formal: service, full, and dinner dress.
Service Dress
Officers & Chief Petty Officers
The most common uniform, the dress uniform, has three variations for officers and chiefs, but only two for enlisted personnel below Chief Petty Officer (CPO). These uniforms are typically worn during ceremonies, inspections, or watches.
Officers' and Chiefs' service dress depends on the season, with Service Dress White ("Whites") for warm weather wear and Service Dress Blue ("Blues") for cooler temperatures (Note: The Service Dress Blue may be worn any time of year). The uniform to be used in a particular region is set forth based on the climate by a prescribing authority, in accordance with Navy regulations, such as the admiral in charge of the region where the sailor is stationed. For instance, a command in Florida will be in summer uniforms longer than one in New York, or might never switch to winter uniforms (such as Hawaii or Puerto Rico). With these uniforms, ribbons and badges are worn, but not medals.
The dress blue uniform consists of a navy blue suit coat, trousers, white shirt, and four-in-hand necktie. The material is generally wool or a wool blend, depending on the vendor. The men's jacket is double breasted with six gold-colored buttons, and the women's jacket has a single row of four gold-colored buttons. Rank insignia is the gold sleeve stripes, for officers, while rating badges and service stripes are worn on the left sleeve by CPOs. The prescribed headgear is the white combination cap, although a navy blue garrison cap is optional, unless stated otherwise by the prescribing authority, in some situations when the jacket is not worn.
The service dress white uniform is very divergent for the men's and women's variations. Men wear a high stand-collared white tunic, with navy blue shoulder boards for officers or the metal anchor collar device on the collar for CPOs, white trousers and shoes. This uniform is informally called Chokers, due to the stand collar. The material is a weave of polyester known as "Certified Navy Twill," or CNT. Women wear a uniform similar to the service dress blue, but with a white coat, skirt or trousers. The white combination cap is the prescribed headgear. A noticeable difference between the male uniforms and the female uniforms is the placement of the women officer's rank insignia on the sleeves (in the same manner as that on the blue uniform) and the placement of women CPO rank insignia (the fouled anchor with USN mongram and five-pointed cocked "line" stars) on the lapels of the jacket. Uniquely, the shoes worn with this uniform are white.
The rarely seen but authorized Dress Blue Yankee uniform replaces the dark trousers and black shoes of the service dress blue with white trousers and shoes from the white uniform. This variation is colloquially referred to as 'salt and pepper' (Service Dress Blue Yankee for male and for female officers.)
Either the All-Weather Coat, Overcoat, or Reefer may be worn with Service Dress uniforms in cold or inclement weather.
Enlisted
The service dress uniforms for enlisted personnel is the standard naval jumper, which consists of navy blue wool or white Certified Navy Twill as above. Service Dress Whites ("jumper whites") consist of white straight-leg or bell-bottom trousers with a fly front, black leather shoes, a white jumper with plain "tar flap" collar, a black silk neckerchief and a white "Dixie Cup" hat for males or combination cover for females with a silver eagle emblem and the letters "USN." The Service Dress Blue uniform, colloquially referred to as "crackerjacks" (after the sailor boy on the Cracker Jack box), is similar to the white uniform, but navy blue in color, with three rows of white piping on the tar flap collar and cuffs. The trousers for the blue uniform are bell-bottomed, broadfall style, with thirteen buttons (which, dismissing popular belief, does not represent the original Thirteen Colonies of the early United States). Female enlisted sailors' Service Dress Blue is similar to the Chief Petty Officer Service Dress Blue with the exception that silver-colored buttons, rather than gold, are worn on the jacket. Ribbons are worn with these uniforms, over the top left pocket opening (the jumper pockets do not have flaps), along with warfare insignia. If these uniforms are to be assigned as the Uniform of the Day, a Plan of the Day/Plan of the Week will state either "Service Dress White" or "Service Dress Blue." Either the All-Weather Coat or Peacoat may be worn with this uniform in cold or inclement weather. The color of the enlisted rank insignia is either gold or red based upon the U.S. Navy Good Conduct Variation.
Full Dress
Full Dress uniforms are worn for ceremonies such as change of command, retirement, commissioning, and decommissioning, funerals, weddings, or when appropriate. Similar to the service dress, but the "Yankee" variation is omitted, medals are worn with these uniforms where appropriate along with warfare insignia above the medals, and swords are authorized for officers, required for O-4 and above. Ribbons that do not have corresponding medals are worn on the right side. In some cases, usually with Honor Guards, the Full Dress uniform can be "dressed" up even further with the wearing of a white pistol belt, bib scarf and dress aigulette (both of which are white for winter and navy blue for summer), and white canvas gaiters.
Dinner Dress
The dinner dress uniforms of the United States Navy have the most variations. For officers, there are Dinner Dress Blue and Dinner Dress White, Dinner Dress Blue Jacket and Dinner Dress White Jacket, Formal Dress, and Tropical Dinner dress. Although trousers are authorized, women frequently wear the appropriate color skirt. The Dinner Dress Blue/White are like the Service and Full Dress uniforms, but worn with a black bow tie, miniature medals, and badges with no ribbons. The Dinner Dress Blue/White Jacket and the Formal Dress uniforms for men feature a short jacket with six buttons, worn open with a black bow tie. Male officers show rank stripes on the sleeves of the jacket for the blue version and on shoulder boards for the white version, while women officers only wear sleeve stripes. The Formal Dress variation is the short, dark jacket, and trousers, worn with a white bow tie for men.
The Tropical dress uniforms are dark trousers, a gold cummerbund, and a white short-sleeve shirt, worn with shoulder boards or just the rating badge. For all dinner dress variations, a white tie and waistcoat generally are used for formal occasions while a black bow tie and gold cummerbund are used for semi-formal environments. Headgear is not required for all dinner dress uniforms, unless an outer jacket is worn. This uniform is never made the Uniform of the Day, nor is it absolutely required to be retained by naval personnel.
Those under the rank of Lieutenant (O-3) have the option of using the Dinner Dress uniform when Dinner Dress Jacket is prescribed. The enlisted sailors who are E-7 (Chief Petty Officer) and above wear a uniform similar to the officers, but with rank insignia and service stripes on the left sleeve. While enlisted who are E-6 (Petty Officer First Class) and below have Dinner Dress Jacket uniforms similar to the officers and chiefs, they may also wear their Service Dress uniform, the traditional sailor suit, with miniature medals.
NOTE:
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